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Planets and Stars

Planets and Stars. Stars. Were noticed even before telescopes. Balls of glowing hot gas. Did not change position in the night sky. Planets. Objects that changed position from night to night against the stars. Large bodies orbiting a star. The Sun’s gravity keeps them in orbit.

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Planets and Stars

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  1. Planets and Stars

  2. Stars • Were noticed even before telescopes. • Balls of glowing hot gas. • Did not change position in the night sky.

  3. Planets • Objects that changed position from night to night against the stars. • Large bodies orbiting a star. • The Sun’s gravity keeps them in orbit. • There are 8 planets in our solar system.

  4. Early Idea of the Solar System • Earth did not move • Earth was at the center of the Solar System • The stars, Moon, and Sun revolved around Earth

  5. Copernicus Solar System • The Sun was at the center of the universe • Was very unpopular when it was introduced

  6. The Two Solar System Models • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiBIFlvu-X0&feature=related

  7. Solar System • The Sun and all of the planets, moons, and other bodies traveling around it.

  8. Asteroids

  9. Rocky or metallic • Orbit the Sun • Too small to be considered a planet • Some astronomers believe they are material that never combined to form a planet.

  10. Asteroid Belt • Most are located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter • Some travel from Saturn’s orbit, others have orbits that cross Earth’s path.

  11. Asteroid Theories • Was what caused the dinosaurs to become extinct.

  12. Asteroids that have hit Earth • http://www.meteorcrater.com/ • http://geology.com/meteor-impact-craters.shtml

  13. Meteoroids • Small asteroids • Some travel to the edge of the solar system • Others stay within the orbits of the inner planets

  14. Where they come from • From material ejected by a passing comet. • From the asteroid belt

  15. Meteors • When a meteoroid hits Earth’s atmosphere. • The meteor rubs against Earth’s atmosphere producing heat. • This heat causes the meteor to burn. • Try rubbing your hands together to produce heat. • Seen as a bright streak of light.

  16. Meteorite • Any part of a meteoroid that reaches Earth’s surface. • 3 types: • Stony – made out of rock • Metallic – made from metals like nickel and iron or a mixture of metal and rock • Carbonaceous – rich in carbon

  17. Meteor Shower • When many meteoroids hit Earth’s atmosphere at the same time. • Often happens after a comet has traveled past Earth. • Some occur year after year. • Perseid Meteor Shower happens around August 11

  18. 2103 Meteor Showers • http://stardate.org/nightsky/meteors • Perseid Meteor Shower Time Lapse: • http://www.theguardian.com/science/video/2013/aug/13/perseids-meteor-shower-timelapse-video

  19. http://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video;_ylt=A2KLqIT4lFZSD0EA5c_7w8QF;_ylu=X3oDMTBncGdyMzQ0BHNlYwNzZWFyY2gEdnRpZAM-?p=2013+perseid+meteor+shower&ei=utf-8http://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video;_ylt=A2KLqIT4lFZSD0EA5c_7w8QF;_ylu=X3oDMTBncGdyMzQ0BHNlYwNzZWFyY2gEdnRpZAM-?p=2013+perseid+meteor+shower&ei=utf-8

  20. Comets • A Ball of ice and rock • kind of like a dirty snow ball. • Orbits the Sun

  21. Parts of a Comet n • The nucleus is the main, solid part of the comet • The coma is a halo of evaporated gas (water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide) and dust that surrounds the nucleus • The comet's dust tail always faces away from the sun.

  22. A Comet’s Orbit • As it comes closer to the Sun the comet begins to melt. • The melted ice and dust becomes the comet’s tail. • The tail gets pushed away from the Sun from the pressure.

  23. Where a Comet Comes From • Kuiper Belt • A region beyond Pluto’s orbit • Probably contains 40,000 to 70,000 objects with diameters of more than 100 km. • 100 Kilometers = 62.1371192 Miles • Oort Cloud • Surrounds the solar system about 15 trillion km from the Sun

  24. Hailey’s Comet • Orbits past Earth every 76 years. • The last close pass was in 1986, and the next is due in 2061.

  25. Earth

  26. What Is Earth Like? • Special because it is the only planet in the solar system that supports life.

  27. Layers of Earth • Inner Core • Outer Core • Mantle • Crust • What we live on • Hydrosphere • Thin layer of water • Atmosphere • Thin layer of gases

  28. Earth’s Atmosphere • Protects us from small debris from space. • Made up of: • Nitrogen (78%) • Oxygen (21%) • Other gases (1%)

  29. Atmospheric Layers • Troposphere • Nearest Earth’s surface • Where weather occurs • Stratosphere • Ozone helps absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun • Mesosphere • Thermosphere

  30. Magnetic Field • The area that surrounds a magnet. • Invisible lines of force that run from one pole to the other. • Earth has one as if there were a giant bar magnet buried inside it.

  31. Van Allen radiation belt • Discovered by the American satellite, Explorer 1 • Acts like a shield, protecting us from particles from the Sun.

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