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21.0. Rural and Urban Settlement in Ireland. 21.1. What is Settlement?. There are two main types of settlement :. Rural settlement: In Ireland, rural settlement is any area of settlement outside larger towns and cities, such as small villages in the countryside. Urban settlement:
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21.0 Rural and Urban Settlement in Ireland
21.1 What is Settlement? There are two main types of settlement: Rural settlement: In Ireland, rural settlement is any area of settlement outside larger towns and cities, such as small villages in the countryside. Urban settlement: In Ireland, an urban area is any built-up settlement, such as a town or city, with a population of over 1,500 people.
21.2 The Physical Landscape They were hunter-gatherers who lived a nomadic lifestyle, moving from place to place, sometimes along river valleys, to find food. Ireland’s first farmers, who raised animals and grew crops, came later. They settled in places permanently. Ireland’s first settlers landed on our shores about 9,000 years ago.
21.2 The Physical Landscape What influenced their settlement? • Drainage • Most Irish towns and villages are found in areas that are well drained by rivers. • Areas of land that are marshy were avoided due to the potential for flooding. • Fertile soil • Fertile land, found in flat lowland river valleys, allows for better crop growth. • Altitude and relief • Flat or gently sloping lands are easier to build, farm and build infrastructure on. • Less exposed to the weather, sheltered from winds and warmer. • Rivers • Provided routes through the country and back to the coastline. • Provided water for drinking, cooking and other domestic purposes. • Settlements were built on rivers at dry point sites. • Towns where bridges were built became bridging points. • Port activities led to the growth of urban settlement areas at the mouths of rivers.
21.3 Historical Factors Viking settlement in Ireland occurred between 795– 1169 AD. Buildings consisted mainly of wooden forts, built on top of hills. The history of the Normans in Ireland stretches from 1169–1500 AD. Norman settlements often consisted of stone castles. More and more people now live and work in urban areas. This has created urban sprawl, forcing many people to live in areas surrounding cities and commute long distances to work. Dublin, Cork and Limerick can trace their origins back to Viking settlement. The Vikings settled near the coast so they could trade and return home. Towns such as Kilkenny can trace their origins to Norman settlement. Normans began their settlement in the south-east of the country. Huge demand for housing in cities and urban areas, which has led to an increase in house prices.
21.4 The Importance of Dublin City A primate city is a city with a population of more than twice the size of the next largest city in the same country. Urban settlement has developed in clusters around Dublin city. Dublin provides employment across all economic sectors. It is the setting for many sports and cultural events. It has transport infrastructure, including Luas, DART and Dublin Bus. Dublin is Ireland’s primate city. Urban settlement around Dublin city and county
