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Hyper-V Scripts and Snips From T he Field

Hyper-V Scripts and Snips From T he Field. Rob McShinsky Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center VirtuallyAware.com. Who Am I?. Sr. System Engineer – Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Microsoft MVP (Virtual Machine) Advisory Board Member and Contributor for TechTarget

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Hyper-V Scripts and Snips From T he Field

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  1. Hyper-V Scripts and Snips From The Field Rob McShinsky Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center VirtuallyAware.com

  2. Who Am I? • Sr. System Engineer – Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center • Microsoft MVP (Virtual Machine) • Advisory Board Member and Contributor for TechTarget • Blogger – VirtuallyAware.com • Twitter - @VirtuallyAware VirtuallyAware.com

  3. PowerShell’s Role In Hyper-V? • If you are serious about running Hyper-V, you NEED to know how to utilize the various PowerShell CMDlets(Hyper-V, SCVMM) • Get Information about your VMs or overall environment for reporting or troubleshooting • Set values on one or hundreds of VMs • Perform coordinated tasks based on certain information gathered VirtuallyAware.com

  4. What Are We Going To Talk About? • PowerShell CMDLets for Hyper-V in Windows 2008 R2, System Center Virtual Machine Manger, and Hyper-V 3.0 in Windows Server 8 • Powershell for Administration. Sometimes Quick and Dirty, but gets the job done. • How PowerShell can fill most any management gap that might be found in the Hyper-V Manager or SCVMM console. • These scripts are meant to be used as is or as starting points and examples to customize within your Hyper-V Environment. • Feel free to ask questions or disagree. VirtuallyAware.com

  5. How To Get The PowerShell Modules Hyper-V (RTM, R2, R2 SP1) Not included by default. • http://pshyperv.codeplex.com/releases • http://www.VirtuallyAware.com (Scripts download, right hand side of page) • Launch by: • Opening a PowerShell window and typing “Import-Module HyperV” System Center Virtual Machine Manager (SCVMM) • Built-in when SCVMM console is installed • Launch by: • Clicking on Powershell Icon on top of console or by typing • Opening a PowerShell “Add-PSSnapinMicrosoft.SystemCenter.VirtualMachineManager” Hyper-V 3.0 • Built-in • Launch by: • opening a Powershell window and typing “Import-Module Hyper-V” VirtuallyAware.com

  6. Get VM name from VM ID • Troubleshooting: Many times, eventlog entries will identify the VM that had the issue by its VM ID. • Translating the VM ID to the name of the VM allows you to narrow your troubleshooting VirtuallyAware.com

  7. (Hyper-V) get-vm | ? {$_.name -eq "EABF5B51-446F-463D-9E16-06841A7B1648"} | flelementname • (SCVMM) get-vm | ? {$_.VMid -eq "EABF5B51-446F-463D-9E16-06841A7B1648"} | ft name • (Hyper-V 3.0) – Same as SCVMM get-vm | ? {$_.VMid -eq"0bd618d9-8e39-4336-9d9b-0bdd4664d8b8”}| ft name Use Case: SCVMM Console Showing Incorrect VM Performance Stats

  8. Finding misconfigured VMs with Emulated network cards • Another common setup mistake by admins. • Using default create “New Virtual Machine” option uses Emulated (non-optimized/parent partition routed) virtual network adapter. • Optimizing your network traffic of your VMs and reducing Host/parent partition cpu utilization would require changing these to Synthetic network adapters. VirtuallyAware.com

  9. Examples to list VMs with Emulated virtual network adapters. • (Hyper-V) Get-VMNIC -server <HOSTNAME> -legacy | ftVMElementName, ResourceSubType Or Get-VMNIC -server <HOSTNAME>| ? {$_.ResourceSubType -like "*emulated*"} | ft VMElementName, ResourceSubType • (SCVMM) Get-VirtualNetworkAdapter-all | where {$_.virtualnetworkadaptertype -eq "emulated" } |ftname,VirtualNetworkAdapterType,ethernetaddress • (Hyper-V 3.0) Get-VMNetworkAdapter -all | ? {$_.name -like "legacy*"} | ftVMname,Name Note: Virtual Server 2005 VMs will all come back as Emulated. To differentiate look at some other attribute in the Get-VirtualNetworkAdapter. Many times default MAC Address will be different between VS 2005, Vmware and Hyper-V. • Example with ‘ethernetaddress’ attribute listed to filter out VS 2005 VMs (SCVMM) Get-VirtualNetworkAdapter -all | where {$_.virtualnetworkadaptertype -eq "emulated" -and $_.ethernetaddress -like "00:15*"} |ftname,VirtualNetworkAdapterType,ethernetaddress

  10. Finding VM from MAC address • At times if you using dynamic assignment of MAC addresses there can be times when a duplicate MAC Address if found. • As a result of a P2V where the MAC Address of the physical hardware is carried forward to the VM and then at some later date the physical hardware gets repurposed. • Commonly a popup and eventlog entry will be seen that states that there was a MAC Address conflict, giving you the MAC Address in the event. VirtuallyAware.com

  11. Example to find VM name from MAC Address • (Hyper-V) Get-VMNIC -server <SERVERNAME> | ? {$_.address -eq "00155DF3CFD5"} | ftvmelementname, address • (SCVMM) Get-VirtualNetworkAdapter-all | ? {$_.ethernetaddress -eq"00:03:ff:07:e7:dc"} | ftname,ethernetaddress • (Hyper-V 3.0) Get-VMNetworkAdapter -all |? {$_.macaddress -eq "00155DF24800"} | ftvmname,macaddress

  12. Finding VMs with Snapshots • Snapshots can pose a hidden disk space utilization problem if left unmanaged. • Full volumes can affect all VMs sharing a particular volume (Pause – Critical) • Demo VirtuallyAware.com

  13. (Hyper-V) Get-VMSnapshot -server <SERVERNAME> | ftelementname,systemname Note: SystemName returns VMID. Use previous script to get vm name from VMID. • (SCVMM) get-vm | where {$_.LastRestoredVMCheckpoint -like "*"} | ft name, LastRestoredVMCheckpoint, hostname • (Hyper-V 3.0) get-vm | Get-VMSnapshot | ftvmname,name,creationtime

  14. Finding VMs with Unmerged VHD files • Hyper-V Checkpoints/Snapshot “files” do not disappear when deleted from the management console. • A common admin mistake is to remove the checkpoint/snapshot, but forget to shutdown the VM to allow the merging of the AVHD changed to merge into the parent VHD. • Result is that the .AVHD file can keep dynamically building using up valuable disk space. VirtuallyAware.com

  15. (Hyper-V) get-vmdisk -server <SERVERNAME> | ? {$_.diskpath -like "*.avhd"} | ftvmelementname, diskpath • (SCVMM) get-vm | get-virtualharddisk | ? {$_.location -like "*.avhd"} | ft name, location, hostname -a • (Hyper-V 3.0) Not a problem in Hyper-V 3.0 since Checkpoints/Snapshots Live Merge without downtime!!!! To see that the .AVHD(X) location Before deleting the Checkpoint/Snapshot. get-vm | Get-VMHardDiskDrive | ftvmname, path -a

  16. Finding VMs with ISOs mounted (and dismounting) • Cleaning up ISO files that are mounted to VMs is just a good practice as it can cause problems with Migrating VMs if Delegation is not setup correctly. • You may also have a file lock on a remote ISO file that you want to move or delete that is attached to a VM. But which one? VirtuallyAware.com

  17. (Hyper-V) • Get VMs with ISO mounted Get-VMDisk -server <SERVERNAME>| ? {$_.diskpath -like "*.iso"} | ftvmelementname,diskpath–a

  18. (SCVMM) • Get VMs with ISO mounted get-vm | get-virtualdvddrive |? {$_.iso -like "*"} | ft name, iso -a • Remove all ISO files from VMs get-vm | get-virtualdvddrive |? {$_.iso -like "*"} | set-virtualdvddrive -nomedia • Remove VMGuest ISO Only (All maybe to broad) get-vm | get-virtualdvddrive |? {$_.iso -like "vmg*"} | set-virtualdvddrive -nomedia

  19. (Hyper-V 3.0) • Get VMs with ISO mounted get-vm| get-VMDvdDrive | ? {$_.path –like”*.iso”} | ftvmname, path • Remove all ISO files from VMs get-vm |get-VMDvdDrive | ? {$_.path -like "*} | Set-VMDvdDrive -path $null • Remove VMGuest ISO Only (All maybe to broad) get-vm |get-VMDvdDrive | ? {$_.path -like “*vmguest.iso”} | Set-VMDvdDrive -path $null

  20. Integration Services Installs • Coordination of installation of Integration Components for all VMs on a Particular Host in mass (SCVMM) • Upgraded a Host that now needs all VM Integration Components install. • Administrator error. Not installing or updating Integration Components • Older Template from another version of Hyper-V. VirtuallyAware.com

  21. (SCVMM) $SH = Read-Host "Enter Source Host Name to Update all VMs" $VMM = Get-VMMServer “VMM_SERVERNAME" #Set this to the name of your SCVMM server $VMs = Get-Vm | ? {$_.hostname -like "$SH*"} #Get all the VMs on the SCVMM Server foreach ($VM in $VMs) { if ($VM.Status -eq ‘Running’) { #Only Work with those Vms that are Off Write-Host ‘Starting with ‘$VM.Name Shutdown-VM $VM #Machine needs to be off for this to work Set-VM –VM $VM –InstallVirtualizationGuestServices $TRUE Start-VM $VM } }

  22. Integration Services Installs • Coordination of installation of Integration Components for a list of VMs (SCVMM) • Targeted VMs on Various Hosts. VirtuallyAware.com

  23. (SCVMM) Foreach($VM in get-content servers.txt) { if ($VM.Status -eq ‘Running’) { #Only Work with those Vms that are Off Write-Host ‘Starting with ‘$VM.Name Shutdown-VM $VM #Machine needs to be off for this to work Set-VM –VM $VM –InstallVirtualizationGuestServices $TRUE Start-VM $VM } }

  24. Live Migrate VMs • Live Migration is works very well but with Hyper-V in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, you are limited to one live migration off the host. • Can change that, but with PowerShell we an automate the synchronous Live Migration from one host to another. • SCVMM comes with a Maintenance Mode option, but what if you wanted to preserve the mix of VMs that are currently on a node of your Hyper-V cluster VirtuallyAware.com

  25. Utilizes the FailoverClusterCMDLet Import-Module FailoverClusters $CL = Read-Host "Enter Cluster Alias Name" $SH = Read-Host "Enter Source Host Name" $DH = Read-Host "Enter Destination Host Name" get-cluster "$CL" | Get-Clusternode "$SH" | Get-ClusterGroup | Move-ClusterVirtualMachineRole -node "$DH"

  26. (SCVMM) Add-PSSnapinMicrosoft.SystemCenter.VirtualMachineManager $VMM = Read-Host "Enter Name of VMM Server" $SH = Read-Host "Enter Source Host Name" $DH = Read-Host "Enter Destination Host Name" Get-VMMServer -computername $VMM Get-VM | ? {$_.hostname -like "$SH*"} | Move-VM -VMHost "$DH*"

  27. Live Migrate Particular VMs • There are times when you might want to only Live Migrate particular VMs on a host. • Need to find common attributes between all the VMs you want to Live Migrate from one host to another • CSV Redirection and VM placement demo. VirtuallyAware.com

  28. (SCVMM) Add-PSSnapinMicrosoft.SystemCenter.VirtualMachineManager $VMM = Read-Host "Enter Name of VMM Server" $SH = Read-Host "Enter Source Host Name" $DH = Read-Host "Enter Destination Host Name" $Vol = Read-Host "Enter Volume/CSV Volume to Move VMs to Destination Host" Get-VMMServer -computername $VMM Get-VM | ? {$_.hostname -like "$SH*"} | ? {$_.Location -like "*$Vol*"} | Move-VM -VMHost "$DH*"

  29. What Else Can You Do? • A Lot more • Look for CMDLets associated with VMs, Hosts, Clusters and Experiment! (Remember to Import the Module or Add Snapin first. • (Hyper-V and SCVMM) Help Get Help Add Help New Help Set-VM -full Help Move-VM -full VirtuallyAware.com

  30. Articles • SCVMM PowerShell scripts simplify administrative tasks • Top Hyper-V PowerShell cmdlets for basic tasks • SCVMM Console Showing Incorrect VM Performance Stats • Using SCVMM PowerShell Cmdlets To Customize Hyper-V LiveMigrations • Overcoming Hyper-V Live Migration Limitations with PowerShell CMDLets • Add Possible Owner to a Cluster Shared Volume • Script Snip: “I am trying to find out how I can get the number of processors for a non-active VM” • SCVMM Script Snip VirtuallyAware.com

  31. Questions VirtuallyAware.com

  32. Contact and Blogs • My Bog– VirtuallyAware.com • Twitter - @VirtuallyAware • Email – Rob@VirtuallyAware.com • Other Hyper-V 3.0 Resources: • Virtualization Team - http://blogs.technet.com/b/virtualization/ • Ben Armstrong - http://blogs.msdn.com/b/virtual_pc_guy/ • Aiden Finn - http://www.aidanfinn.com/ • Hyper-V.nu – http://www.hyper-v.nu • Thomas Maurer - http://www.thomasmaurer.ch/ • KristianNese- http://kristiannese.blogspot.com/ VirtuallyAware.com

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