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Getting Started on the Computer

Getting Started on the Computer. Chapter 2. Objectives. Compare mainframes, minicomputers and microcomputers Discuss how the basic components of the computer operate List ways to handle disks and CDs Explain backup, format, delete and copy. Computer Classifications. Handheld (Palm) Laptop

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Getting Started on the Computer

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  1. Getting Started on the Computer Chapter 2

  2. Objectives • Compare mainframes, minicomputers and microcomputers • Discuss how the basic components of the computer operate • List ways to handle disks and CDs • Explain backup, format, delete and copy

  3. Computer Classifications • Handheld (Palm) • Laptop • Desktop Microcomputer • Minicomputer • Mainframe • Supercomputer

  4. Mainframe Computers • Use terminals to connect many users in multiple locations • Are high in cost • Are used by governments and large corporations • Have large amounts of memory and storage space

  5. Minicomputers • Smaller and less costly than mainframes • Used by small businesses and school districts • Prevalent until 1970s when the microcomputer came on the scene

  6. Microcomputers • Less costly and smaller than a minicomputer • Sit on a desk or fit in a briefcase • Early models -- Apple II and IBM PC • Software available for home, educational and business use

  7. Computer Performs Four Tasks • Receives input • Stores data in memory • Processes information • Produces output

  8. Computer Chip • Silicon wafer with integrated circuits • Encased in plastic • Plugs into a circuit board

  9. Printed Circuit Board

  10. Central Processing Unit • CPU is contained on a chip called the microprocessor • Brain of the Computer • Controls operations • Executes instructions

  11. Central Processing Unit

  12. Computer Memory -- ROM • Read Only Memory • Supplies operating instructions • Nonvolatile • Can’t be altered

  13. Computer Memory -- RAM • Random Access Memory • Volatile -- needs constant power • RAM contents can be read, written, and erased • Described in megabytes

  14. Permanent Storage

  15. Optical Disks • CD-ROM • CD-R • DVD-ROM • WORM

  16. 3 ½ Inch Diskettes • Hold by the label • Don’t store in plastic envelopes, don’t bend the disk or use rubber bands or paperclips to secure • When red in-use light is on, don’t insert or remove a disk • Keep away from magnets and heat • Don’t smoke, eat or drink near disks • Use a felt tip pen for labeling

  17. Formatting a Disk • Prepares disk for storage • Disks must be formatted or initialized prior to first use • Formatting erases everything and is done one time • Disks formatted for one operating system can’t be used with another

  18. Operating Systems • Windows 95, 98 or 2000 • Windows ME • Windows NT • Unix/Linux • Macintosh System 6, 7 or 8 • Macintosh OS X

  19. Basic System Utilities • Format • Copy • Delete • Backup

  20. Teachers use both Macintosh and Windows-based microcomputers to input and process data. They store information on disks and produce output. In ConclusionTeachers Use Computers

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