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A Day-11/3/2011 B Day-11/4/2011

A Day-11/3/2011 B Day-11/4/2011. Objective TLW e xplain the relationship among Christianity, individualism, and growing secularism that began with the Renaissance and how the relationship influenced subsequent political developments and the Protestant Reformation Agenda

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A Day-11/3/2011 B Day-11/4/2011

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  1. A Day-11/3/2011 B Day-11/4/2011 Objective • TLW explain the relationship among Christianity, individualism, and growing secularism that began with the Renaissance and how the relationship influenced subsequent political developments and the Protestant Reformation Agenda • Protestant Reformation Notes • Reformation Independent Study • Benchmark Review Game

  2. Abuses in the Church16th Century • Church caught up in secular affairs: • The Catholic Church had fallen into practice of selling INDULGENCES • INDULGENCES – pardon from punishment for committing a sin, allowing the sinner to enter Heaven • Indulgences made a lot of • Pope was using a lot of money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome

  3. Challenges to the Church • Sir Thomas Moore (English) • Sought Reform within the Church, but leaders where slow to respond • Wanted more equality for women • Erasmus (Dutch) • Developed new methods of criticizing texts, that lead him to question the Church Many Christians protested these indulgences & urged a return to the simpler ways of the Church. They stressed Bible study & rejected secularism

  4. Martin Luther (1483-1546) “I am rough, boisterous, stormy, and altogether warlike.” Video The selling of indulgences (woodcut, c. 1530)

  5. 95 Theses the Spark of the Reformation • Luther nailed his 95 Theses on October 31, 1517 • Sparking the Protestant Reformation • Luther argued indulgences had no basis in the Bible • The pope had no authority to release souls from purgatory • Christians could be saved ONLY through faith (justification by faith) – God can only save • Copies were printed & distributed across Europe • Believed that each individual must read and understand the Bible to achieve this faith • The Church told Luther to recant – he refused & got more radical Video

  6. Church’s Reaction DecetRomanumPontificem, the Papal bull excommunicating Luther. The Latin title means "It Pleases the Roman Pontiff." Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther in 1521

  7. Spread of Lutheranism • Pope will Excommunicate him – Kick Out • Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) summons him & orders him to RECANT at the DIET (assembly) of Worms • Luther refuses & is declared an outlaw • German princes saw Lutheranism as a way to get rid of Church rule & the Holy Roman emperor • Luther will appeal to their German Patriotism, to stop sending German $$$ to Italian Leaders • Luther will live under their protection

  8. Luther establishes the Lutheran Church • Only Baptism & communion are allowed • Banned indulgences, confessions, pilgrimages, & prayers to saints • Simplified mass & emphasized the sermon • Permitted the clergy to marry • Translated the New Testament into German for all to read • Vernacular • These reformers will be known as “PROTESTANTS” • Northern Europe will adopt “Protestenism” • German Princes use this as an opportunity to seize Church lands & close monasteries.

  9. Peasants’ Revolt (1524) • Peasants followed Luther to gain his support for social & economic change • Peasants rebelled to call for an end to serfdom & other changes to their harsh lives • Luther did not support the rebels because he favored social order & respect for political authority • Luther denounced the violence • Nobles (with Luther’s support) stopped the rebellion • More than 10,000 killed & many more left homeless

  10. John Calvin (1509-1564) Two beliefs followed Luther’s teachings: 1) believed that salvation was gained through faith alone (justification by faith) • the Bible is the ONLY source of religious truth One belief diverged from Luther: PREDESTINATION: the idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation • Calvinists believed the world was divided into two kinds of people • Saints & Sinners • Calvinists tried to live like saints because only the saved could live truly Christian lives

  11. Luther protests. Pope excommunicates Luther. Luther declared a heretic. Tetzel sells indulgences under false pretenses. Luther posts the 95 Theses. Lutheran church begins. German peasants revolt. Charles V goes to war against Protestant princes of Germany. Luther Posts the 95 Theses

  12. The Catholic Counter-reformation

  13. Queen Elizabeth I • Daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn • Became queen in 1558 at the age of 25 • Restored Protestantism to England • Defeated the Spanish Armada • Solidified England as a major naval power Music Video

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