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Decoding Protein Synthesis: From DNA to Protein

Explore the fascinating journey of protein synthesis, from DNA's genetic instructions to protein formation. Unzipping DNA, transcription, translation, and the important role of mRNA and ribosomes are uncovered in this enlightening narrative.

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Decoding Protein Synthesis: From DNA to Protein

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  1. DNA  PROTEIN The Story of Protein Synthesis

  2. DNA  PROTEIN • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGY

  3. DNA  PROTEIN • DNA contains instructions for copying itself • DNA also contains instructions for • Making mRNA (Messenger RNA) • Making proteins (but ribsomes do the work) • DNA = double strand, RNA = single strand

  4. DNA  PROTEIN • DNA’s genetic message = specific order of nucleotides on the DNA chain • They’re not just stuck randomly stuck on! • Nucleotide order (or sequence) is a coded language • Code determines an organism’s traits

  5. DNA  PROTEIN • TRANSCRIPTION MAKES mRNA • Transcription = making a copy • TRANSLATION MAKES PROTEINS • Translation = reading the copy & putting it in a different “language” • RIBOSOMES DO THIS • DNA  mRNA  PROTEIN

  6. DNA  PROTEINTranscription • DNA is unzipped • mRNA strand is made (synthesized) kind of like DNA is made during replication • mRNA uses Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T) • In transcription (A+U) and (C+G)

  7. DNA  PROTEINTranscription • WHY CAN’T PROTEINS JUST BE TRANSLATED RIGHT FROM DNA? • Using RNA provides protection for DNA & its info • Using RNA allows more protein copies to be made at the same time • BLUEPRINT EXAMPLE

  8. DNA  PROTEINTranscription • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtYz_3rkvPk

  9. DNA  PROTEINTranslation • In translation, RIBOSOMES read the “code” and make chains of amino acids based on what the code is telling them. • Chains of amino acids = proteins

  10. DNA  PROTEINTranslation CRACKING THE CODE • mRNA code is a triplet code • 3 N-bases read together = codon • Codons tell which amino acid to make • AUG = start (or Met) • UAA, UAG, UGA = stop

  11. DNA  PROTEINTranslation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQYH7mDqkm0

  12. DNA  PROTEINTranslation • DNA says • ACCAAACCG • RNA replies • UGGUUUGGC • Ribosomes make • Trp-Phe-Gly

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