PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

1. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

2. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • Protein synthesis = making protein • 2 parts • Transcription • Translation

3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • Requires RNA • RNA = Ribonucleic Acid How is this different then DNA?

4. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 3 Differences from DNA • Is made with ribose sugar (contains one more O2) • Single stranded • Uracil replaces thymine – therefore Adenine will bond with Uracil (A-U)

5. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 3 Types of RNA • mRNA = messenger RNA • Made from the DNA – carries the genetic info from the nucleus to the ribosomes (in cytoplasm) • Sequence of mRNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of the protein

7. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 3 Types of RNA • tRNA = transfer RNA • Carries amino acids in the cytoplasm to the ribosomes to aid in translation

8. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • 3 Types of RNA • rRNA = found in ribosomes, it’s exact role is unknown but it is thought to make up the ribosomes

9. TRANSCRIPTION • Steps to creating a protein • Transcription= process of transferring genetic information from DNA to mRNA • happens in the nucleus • DNA double helix opens up (with enzymes) • a copy is made by joining complementary bases (Uracil replaces thymine)

10. TRANSCRIPTION • DNA = A C G T C A G T C • mRNA = U G C A G U C A G

11. CODONS • Determine the amino acid sequence of a protein • Every three bases = 1 amino acid = 1 codon • (ie UGC, AGU, CAG) • The order determines the protein made • There are 64 codons that direct protein synthesis

13. TRANSLATION • Occurs in the cytoplasm • mRNA is the template (pattern) for the order of amino acids in a protein

14. TRANSLATION • tRNA brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome

15. TRANSLATION • tRNA has an anti-codon which corresponds with the mRNA pattern on one end and the amino acid on the other

16. TRANSLATION • Enzymes form a bond between the amino acids forming polypeptide chains (proteins)

19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGY