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Conclusions (I)

Conclusions (I). Those entrepreneurs who are leaders, with good negotiation skills, self-control, high level of ethics, creativity, intuition, autonomy, pro-activity, self-evaluation and outgoing spirit are those who look for high objectives of growth and profitability , simultaneously.

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Conclusions (I)

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  1. Conclusions (I) Those entrepreneurs who are leaders, with good negotiation skills, self-control, high level of ethics, creativity, intuition, autonomy, pro-activity, self-evaluation and outgoing spirit are those who look for high objectives of growth and profitability, simultaneously.

  2. Conclusions (II) Those entrepreneurs with more experience look for high objectives of growth and profitability, simultaneously. Those entrepreneurs with lower levels of education look for high objectives of growth and profitability, simultaneously.

  3. Second reserch (Entreprenuers from Castilla and León)

  4. Features of entrepreneurs (Castilla and León) age gender indutry

  5. Year of foundation Sales % of capital (entrepreneur)

  6. Entrepreneurs’ emotions Entrepreneurs’ objectives Entrepreneurs’ satisfaction (success) Which emotions relate to success?

  7. How do entrepreneurs’ affective traits influence goal statement? How do entrepreneurs’ affective traits influence satisfaction with the stated goals? Staw and Barsade, 1993; Mittal and Ross, 1998; Daniels, 1998; 1999; Elsbach and Barr, 1999; Delgado, Fuente and Quevedo, 2009 Perception of environment Opportunity recognition Risk taking Managers EMOTIONS Entrepreneurs Creativity Risk preferences Baron, 2007; 2008; Baron and Tang, 2009; Foo, 2009 Affect as Information; Network Theory of Affect; Affect Infusion Model (AIM) Affect congruency Negative affects Positive affects Attend to, perceive and interpret negative information better Attend to, perceive and interpret positive information better Positive expectations Positive perceptions Negative expectations Negative perceptions

  8. Characteristics of Castilla and León entrepreneurs SAMPLE: Survey of 335 entrepreneurs (April-July 2007) -database of 30.000 entrepreneurs of CECALE (Castile and Leon Confederation of Business Organizations)-

  9. Positive emotions Financial objectives Non financial objectives Satisfaction with the entrepreneurial project Personal negative emotions Short term objectives Environment negative emotions

  10. 0.34** Positive emotions 0.22** Financial objectives Non financial objectives 0.23** Satisfaction with the entrepreneurial project 0.38** Personal negative emotions 0.20** 0.08* Short term objectives -0.17** Environment negative emotions Ambition in the statement of objectives

  11. 0.34** Positive emotions 0.22** Financial objectives Non financial objectives 0.23** Satisfaction with the entrepreneurial project 0.38** Personal negative emotions 0.20** 0.08* Short term objectives -0.17** Environment negative emotions Specific statement of objectives

  12. Conclusions Positive affects enhance positive expectations and perceptions that lead to taking broad and ambitious goals and to a higher satisfaction with the stated goals. Negative affects favour negative expectations and perceptions that lead to taking less ambitious goals. Implications Affectivetraits influence entrepreneurs’ strategic choices in real decision situations. Understanding possible influences of positive and negative affects may permit entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs to control their behaviour. Future research • Impact of entrepreneurs’ affects on: • Decision to start a business. • Venture survival.

  13. Training for entrepreneurs • Is it possible to increase the entrepreneurial spirit with some kind of training? • Is it possible to affect success with training?

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  15. Entrepreneurial training Is it possible to promote the entrepreneurial spirit in young people? Entrepreneurial training is related to succesful entrepreneurs? A 2 research questions  2 analysis: B 18

  16. Is it possible to promote the entrepreneurial spirit in young people? A Entrrepreneur attitude Trainer motivation Entrepreneurial spirit Subjective norm Training contents Entrepreneurial viability 19

  17. Planning of entrepreneurial training  course: “Vitamina E, Educar para Emprender en Castilla y León” (CEEI Castilla and León) • Sample: 48 students (teenagers) of 2 high schools in Valladolid (2 groups of control) year 2006/2007 20

  18. The course (contents): • “El espíritu emprendedor: Concepto de emprendedor” (promote the features of social skills, leadership, proactiviness, self-control, etc.) • “El proyecto Emprendedor” (projectdevelopment) The course (professors): • Material is common to all professors (teachers) • Teachers have all freedom to develop the course

  19. Conclusions… Students following the course improved their skills for teamwork and improved self-control (two features related to entrepreneurial spirit) Students from different high schools developed different features (maybe related to the motivation of the teacher) The course is more efficient for students who does not have families with their own businesses

  20. Entrepreneurial training is related to succesful entrepreneurs? B Entrepreneurial attitude Training contents Entrepreneurial success Subjective norm Entrepreneurial viability 23

  21. Characteristics of Castilla and León entrepreneurs SAMPLE: Survey of 335 entrepreneurs (April-July 2007) -database of 30.000 entrepreneurs of CECALE (Castile and Leon Confederation of Business Organizations)-

  22. We evaluate training at three levels: Training received by entrepreneurs in academies Self-training by entrepreneurs Consulting received by entrepreneurs for their specific projects

  23. Training received by entrepreneurs in academies

  24. Self-training by entrepreneurs

  25. Consulting received by entrepreneurs for their specific projects

  26. Results Individual personality β=0.45*** (6.13) ROA R2=0.36 Innovative behaviour R2=0.68 β=0.22* (2.39) β=0.23** (2.97) Professional experience • A larger entrepreneurial personality and larger professional experience have a positive influence on innovative behaviour • The innovative behavior is related to increases of ROA

  27. Individual personality β=0.22* (2.47) ROA R2=0.40 Innovative behaviour R2=0.79 β=0.22* (2.45) β=0.21* (2.70) Professional experience β=0.18* (2.16) β=0.09 (1.00) β=0.10 (1.30) Training in academies Self-training Consulting • The more training received in academies, the more ROA through innovative behaviour

  28. Conclusions • Training of entrepreneurs: middle-low • Training received in academies has an impact on entrepreneurial success through the innovative behavior

  29. References (I) • AUTOR Natalia Martín Cruz, Ana Isabel Rodríguez Escudero, Juan Hernangómez Barahona • TÍTULO Análisis de la formación y la experiencia laboral como determinantes del espíritu emprendedor de los estudiantes universitarios • REVISTA RAE, 34 • AÑO 2005 • AUTOR Natalia Martín Cruz y Fernando Saboia Leitao • TÍTULO Los rasgos psicológicos del emprendedor y la continuidad del proyecto empresarial: un estudio empírico de los emprendedores brasileños • REVISTA REAd, Revista Electrônica de Administração, Edição 50, Vol. 12 No. 2, Marzo - Abril • AÑO 2006 • AUTOR Natalia Martín Cruz, Ana Isabel Rodríguez Escudero, Juan Hernangómez Barahona • TÍTULO Education and training as non-psychological characteristics that influence university students’ entrepreneurial behaviour • REVISTA Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, volume 9 • AÑO 2006 • AUTOR Natalia Martín Cruz, Félix López Iturriaga • TÍTULO Los procesos de spin-off en las empresas españolas • REVISTA Revista de Contabilidad y Tributación, num. 286, enero • AÑO 2007 • AUTOR Natalia Martín Cruz, Ana Isabel Rodríguez Escudero, Juan Hernangómez Barahona • TÍTULO Incentives for Entrepreneurship at University: Differences between Men and Women • REVISTA Advancing Women in Leadership, volume 26, winter • AÑO 2008

  30. References (II) • AUTOR Natalia Martín Cruz, Ana Isabel Rodríguez Escudero, Juan Hernangómez Barahona • TÍTULO El papel de la formación emprendedora en la conducta innovadora de los emprendedores castellanos y leoneses • REVISTA Foro Burgos • AÑO 2008 • AUTOR Natalia Martín Cruz, Víctor Martín Pérez y Juan Hernangómez Barahona, Isabel Estrada Vaquero, Celina Trevilla Cantero • TÍTULO Las entidades no lucrativas dedicadas a la discapacidad como emprendedores sociales. Una aproximación descriptiva para el caso de Castilla y León • REVISTA Revista Española del Tercer Sector, n.8 (enero-abril) • AÑO 2008 • AUTOR Natalia Martín Cruz, Félix López Iturriaga • TÍTULO Antecedents of spin-offs in Spain. A resource-based approach • REVISTA Research Policy, vol.37 (issue 6-7) • AÑO 2008 • AUTOR Natalia Martín Cruz, Ana Isabel Rodríguez Escudero, Juan Hernangómez Barahona, Fernando Saboia Leitao • TÍTULO The effect of entrepreneurship education programmes on satisfaction with innovation behaviour and performance • REVISTA Journal of European Industrial Training, vol. 33, n. 3 • AÑO 2009 • AUTOR Natalia Martín Cruz, Ana Isabel Rodríguez Escudero, Juan Hernangómez Barahona, Fernando Saboia Leitao • TÍTULO Training and its consequences on the innovative capacity of entrepreneurs • REVISTA International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management • AÑO 2010, coming soon

  31. The entrepreneurs Natalia Martín Cruz University of Valladolid, Spain 02/02/2010

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