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ABSOLUTISM

ABSOLUTISM. Timeline. 1469 Ferdinand and Isabella begin to rule Castile and Aragon 1517 Protestant Reformation starts 1556-98 Phillip II of Spain 1598 Edict of Nantes 1648 Treaty of Westphalia ends 30 years war 1649 Charles I executed by act of Parliament

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ABSOLUTISM

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  1. ABSOLUTISM

  2. Timeline • 1469 Ferdinand and Isabella begin to rule Castile and Aragon • 1517 Protestant Reformation starts • 1556-98 Phillip II of Spain • 1598 Edict of Nantes • 1648 Treaty of Westphalia ends 30 years war • 1649 Charles I executed by act of Parliament • 1685 Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes

  3. Introduction • From 1500-1600 two main forms of government arise, absolutism and constitutionalism • Absolutism is: Sovereignty - the power and right to rule resides exclusively with the King and not the nobles nor any assembly. This represents a real change from late medieval reality. The idea of the Divine Right of Kings is an important focus for this thought.

  4. Absolutism • Limited in its power - not a “totalitarian” state • Developed ways to control society • State bureaucracies • Committee structures of government • Standing armies • Economic control: mercantilism.

  5. Failed Absolutism • Poland • The "Noble Republic" - the nobles elected the kings • Any noble could veto any law in the parliament • Consequences? • No central government • serfs oppressed by nobles • easy prey to enemies • eventual disappearance of Poland from map of Europe.

  6. Eastern Europe c. 1570

  7. Absolutism Attempted • Spain • rule of Phillip II (r. 1556-98) shows the hallmarks of later absolutism • centralizing control, central source of authority, bureaucracy, state control of Church, build new capitol (Escorial Palace) • had trouble in the New World • viceroys • conquistadors.

  8. Spanish European Lands

  9. Escorial Palace

  10. Escorial Palace Burial Vault Church at Escorial Ceiling Panels

  11. Holy Roman Empire (Germany) • State of the “Empire” • 1517 Martin Luther’ s Ninety-Five Theses • impact of reformation • 1529 Siege of Vienna by the Ottoman Turks • The Hapsburgs.

  12. Powerful Family Possessions

  13. Absolutism Successful • France • nobles and Protestantism • eventually all the Valois (Catholic) heirs to the throne are killed - only the Protestant, Henry the Duke of Bourbon could lay claim to the throne • “Paris is worth a mass” • signs Edict of Nantes (1598).

  14. Absolutism Successful • Louis XIII (1610-1643) and Cardinal Richelieu • raison d’état applied by Richelieu • increases power of central authority • usually at the cost of Protestant towns and nobles • use in foreign policy decisions • Thirty Years War and treaty of Westphalia.

  15. Louis XIV(The Sun King)

  16. Louis XIV(r. 1661-1715) • Centralizes all aspects of French life • education, bureaucracy, economy • Weakens the Aristocracy • removes from prominent advisory positions • distracts with expensive balls, fashions and fripperies • Constant Wars - power checked by military alliances and expenses - results in “balance of power” • How did it last?

  17. Versailles

  18. Russia • emerging from city states • increasingly centralized state • serfdom increases while decreasing elsewhere (royal bribes) • expanding east and southward.

  19. Eastern Europe c. 1570

  20. The Tsars • Ivan IV (the terrible) 1547-1584 • oprichnina literally meaning “apart” • Peter the Great 1682-1725 • increasing central power • increase in serfdom and taxes • control over the Russian Orthodox Church..

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