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Chapter 9 Pg. 254-270. Pioneers migrated as families/groups rather than as individuals Clustered along water ways Settled in areas with people from their same area. Westward Migration. West=social (lots of festivals) Sports, Hoedowns Clear Division of Gender Roles
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Pioneers migrated as families/groups rather than as individuals Clustered along water ways Settled in areas with people from their same area Westward Migration
West=social (lots of festivals) • Sports, Hoedowns • Clear Division of Gender Roles • Easterners viewed Westerners as savages • Westerners viewed easterners as “stuck-up” East vs. west
Some Americans ventured to the “far west” Area west of the Mississippi River Lewis and Clark inspired some Americans to seek adventure Far West
Land Ordinance of 1785 Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Louisiana Purchase Transcontinental (Adams-Onis) Treaty Federal Policy
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia=Cherokee Nation an Domestic Dependent Nation Worcester v. Georgia=Cherokee had right to stay on land (couldn’t be moved without consent) Andrew Jackson- “Marshall has made his decision now let him enforce it” Treaty of New Echota-Forced Removal of Cherokee/Trail of Tears Native American Removal
Rising Prices of Whest, Corn, Cotton New Markets (West Indies, South Americans) West=Good River System, easy to move goods Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney) South=Cotton Kingdom Agricultural Boom
Fluctuating Prices Took time to “get started” Debt from land and machinery to be successful Risks of farming
1790’s-Federalists in power=large tracts of western land to wealthy speculators (640 acres $2 an acre) must be paid in 1 year 1800’s-Republicans=320 Acres (4 years to pay it off) 1804-160 acres 1820-80 acres 1832-40 acres Federal land laws
Squatters-Settled/Squatted on land that wasn’t theirs Speculators-Bought large amounts of land (investment) sold off at a profit Squatter v. Speculator
Bad Loans-Bank Notes had no backing-1818 National Bank told state banks they must repay loans in specie (gold or silver)-State banks forcing the repayment of loans and cut loans being given out-land prices fell Markets went down, farmers not making as much money, couldn’t repay loans (faulted) Panic of 1819
Needed to move goods and people as country expanded • Transportation Evolution • 1) Steamboats • 2) Canals • 3) Railroads • Gibbons v. Ogden Transportation Revolution
Transportation Revolution led to city growth (further inland) 1820-1860-Most rapid urbanization in U.S. history (NYC 1820=124,000…..1860=800,000) New Cities Grew-Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, St. Louis (canal led to more cities on lakes ex.Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee) City Growth