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Writing Systems. 1. Types of Writing Systems Logographic (Morphographic) Syllabic Alphabetic 2. Origin of Writing 3. Development 4. Spread. 1. Types of Writing System. Logographic 1 symbol = 1 word or morpheme Mandarin Chinese 我們 喜歡 學 語言學 Wo.men xihuan xue yuyanxue.
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Writing Systems • 1. Types of Writing Systems • Logographic (Morphographic) • Syllabic • Alphabetic • 2. Origin of Writing • 3. Development • 4. Spread
1. Types of Writing System • Logographic • 1 symbol = 1 word or morpheme • Mandarin Chinese • 我們 喜歡 學 語言學 • Wo.men xihuan xue yuyanxue. • I.Pl enjoy study linguistics • “We enjoy studying linguistics.”
Syllabic • 1 symbol = 1 syllable • Japanese • べ た べ た(hiragana) • be ta be ta ‘sticky’ • ア メ リ カ(katakana) • a me ri ka ‘America/US’
Alphabetic • 1 symbol = 1 phoneme • Korean • ㅎ ㅏ ㄴ ㄱ ㅡ ㄹ • h a n k ɯ l • 한 글 • han kɯl • ‘Korean’ ‘writing’
2. Origin of Writing • pictorial sign (picture of plow) • object (plow)
pictorial sign • object name of object • ‘plow’, ‘to plow’, ‘plowman’
pictorial sign • name of object • apin ‘plow’
Rebus Principle and Chinese Characters • 勿 wu ‘animal’ • 勿 wu Negative imperative • 非 禮 勿 視 • Fei li wu shi. • be.not Li do.not look • ‘If it does not adhere to Li do not look at it!’
Graphic ambiguity: • 勿 wu ‘animal’ • 勿 wu Negative imperative • => Create new character • 牛 ‘ox’ > Semantic classifier • 牛 + 勿 > 物 wu ‘animal’
牛 + 岡 > 犅 gang ‘cow’ • 牛 + 生 > 牲sheng ‘domestic animal’ • 牛 + 羲 > 犧 xi ‘sacrificial animal’
Japanese Syllabaries from Chinese Characters • ChineseHiragana • 安あa • 加かka • 世せse • 天てte • 乃のno • 不ふfu • 呂ろro
Manyoshu: Chinese characters used for sound and meaning value • 世間乎 何物爾 • Yononaka=wo nani=ni • world=Acc what=Dat • 将譬 • tatohe-mu? • compare-should • “To what should I compare this world?”
Content words used for meaning value: • 世間 ‘world’ > yononaka • 何物 ‘what’ > nani • 将譬 ‘should compare’ > tatohemu • Function words used for sound value: • 乎 > Accusative case wo • 爾 > Dative case ni
