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Arab-Israeli Conflict

Arab-Israeli Conflict. Palestinian/Arab Nationalism vs. Jewish Nationalism (#1) Sovereignty: right to self government. Israel. Israel. Zionism : the movement to create a Jewish nation in Palestine #2.

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Arab-Israeli Conflict

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  1. Arab-Israeli Conflict • Palestinian/Arab Nationalism vs. Jewish Nationalism (#1) Sovereignty: right to self government

  2. Israel

  3. Israel

  4. Zionism: the movement to create a Jewish nation in Palestine #2

  5. Palestinian nationalism grew with general Arab nationalism in the Ottoman Empire and with the end of WWI#3

  6. Nationalism and Anti-Semitism in Europe stimulated ideas for a Jewish nation #4

  7. Anti-Semitism • policies, views, or actions that harm or discriminate against Jews • Hatred of Jews #5

  8. Zionism • GOALS:The spiritual andpolitical renewal ofthe Jewish peoplein its ancestralhomeland ofPalestine. • Freedom from Western anti-Semitism. Theodore Herzl1860-1904

  9. 1897: Theodore Herzl founded the World Zionist Organization (WZO) #2

  10. Theodore Herzl

  11. The Zionists encouraged Jewish settlement in Palestine #3&4

  12. The Zionist threat helped define Palestinian as separate nationalists

  13. Despite much Arab opposition, most of the land was purchased from Arab owners

  14. Palestine: British mandate after WWI #3

  15. British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917 His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of anational home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine… Sir Arthur James BalfourBr. Foreign Secretary

  16. Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 • In 1920, there was 1 Jew toevery 10 Arabs inPalestine. • By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs forevery Jew. The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

  17. 1917: The Balfour Declaration:-supported the creation of a Jewish homeland-leads to more Jews move to Palestine#4 & 6

  18. Hatred and distrust grew between Arabs and Jews under British control

  19. Palestine Arab Revolt: 1936-1939 Their Goals: • An end to Jewish immigration to Palestine. • An end to the transferof lands to Jewish owners. • A new “generalrepresentative government.” The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.

  20. The 1936-1939 Arab Palestinian Revolt was a turning point.

  21. Haganah, a defense force, was formed against Arabviolence.

  22. By 1936 it had 40,000 troops

  23. Britain, caught between Arabs and Jews, restricted immigration.

  24. The Holocaust united Jews (esp. the U.S.) for the idea of a Jewish state and WWII weakened the British. #4

  25. 1946: Irgun bombed the King David Hotel, the British military headquarters.

  26. 90 people were killed

  27. The British decided to leave and turn over the problem to the U.N.

  28. The U.N. Partition Plan 1947 Palestine divided between the Jews and the Arabs; Jerusalem internationalized #7

  29. Arab Jewish

  30. The Jews accepted the partition.#7

  31. 1948: David Ben-Gurion announced Israel’s independence

  32. Israel Becomes a Nation:May 14, 1948 David Ben-Gurion,1st Prime Minister Chaim Weizmann,1st President

  33. The Arabs rejected the partition. Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq attacked.#7

  34. 1948 Arab Invasion plans of Israel ( in red.) From Lebanon and Syria From Transjordan and Iraq From Egypt

  35. War for Israeli Independence1948Israel defeated Arabs#8

  36. Israel became a multi-party parliamentary democracy.#8

  37. II. Effects of creation of Israel Palestinians became refugees in other countries throughout the middle east.

  38. Map of Palestinian Refugees

  39. Ben-Gurion became Israel’s first prime minister.

  40. Three More Wars • War in the Sinai (1956) - Raids and reprisals between the Arabs and Israel, and Egypt's seizure of the Suez Canal, led to Israel's invasion of the Sinai Peninsula. Israel withdrew in 1957 after its access to the Persian Gulf was guaranteed by the United Nations. • Israel, Britain, and France attacked Egypt after the Suez canal was nationalized and Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula for a short time 9a

  41. Six Day War (1967 War): Israel captured Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, the West Bank, the Old City of Jerusalem (which Israel later annexed), and Gaza. The war ended by a U.N.-arranged cease-fire. The United States called on the Israelis to withdraw from occupied territories but did not specify how much land it should give up. #9b

  42. Yom Kippur War (1973) - Egypt and Syria launched a joint attack on Israel on the Jewish holy day, Yom Kippur, to regain lost territory. Caught off-guard, Israel took several days to mobilize, suffering heavy casualties, but it forced the opposition back. Establishes Israel as the dominant military power in the region9c

  43. 1958-1960 Yasser Arafat founded Fatah: The Palestinian National Liberation Movement took control of PLO

  44. 1964: Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) is founded.#10

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