CHAPTER 18 , LESSON 4 OVERVIEW NOTES : THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

1. CHAPTER18, LESSON4OVERVIEWNOTES: THEAMERICANREVOLUTION

2. Growth of Constitutional Government • Following England’s 1688 Glorious Revolution, three new political institutions arose in Britain: • Political parties called the Tories (supported strong hereditary monarchy) and the Whigs (supported a weak monarchy but strong Parliament) each representing a small landowning group of British aristocracy

3. Cabinetsystem was a group of advisers to the: • PrimeMinisterwho was the leader of themajorityparty in Parliament and later as the chiefofficialof the British government • These institutions were part of the evolution of Britain’s constitutional government... a government whose power is defined and limited by law

4. King George III of the British Hanover Dynasty • Came to power anxious to reassert royal power by:

5. ending Whig domination • choosing his own ministers • dissolving the Cabinet system • forcing Parliament to follow his will • tried to force English colonists in NorthAmerica to pay costs of own defenses

6. The 13 Colonies

7. By the mid- 18th century, the colonies were home to diverse religious and ethnic groups • Colonists felt entitled to the same rights as their English citizen-counterparts • Their colonial assemblies exercised much control over localaffairs

8. Ways of life between the colonists of NewEngland and those in the South differed, but they shared common values: • Respect for individual enterprise • Increasing sense of their own identity separate from that of Britain

9. Growing Discontent • Relations strained between colonists and Britain by 1763 • George III expected colonists to pay for the SevenYears’War • “No taxation without representation” – If colonists were not represented in Parliament, the British had no right to tax them • British troops fired on a crowd of colonists in the “BostonMassacre” • Colonists protested by dumping British tea into Boston Harbor in the BostonTeaParty

10. Each colony sent representatives to a ContinentalCongress in Philadelphia; war broke out between Britain and the colonists • The SecondContinentalCongress declared independence from Britain and issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776

11. A New Constitution -Articles of Confederation- 1781 -U.S. Constitution- 1789

12. Reflected Enlightenment ideas: • Framers of the Constitution saw government in terms of a socialcontract • They provided for an elective legislature and an elected president

13. The Constitution created a federal republic, with power divided between the federal government and the states • The federal government was separated among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches with each branch provided with checksand balances on the other branches

14. The Bill of Rights

15. The BillofRights, the first ten amendments to the Constitution, recognized that people have basic rights that the government must protect

16. How much do you know about the Age of Enlightenment? Clear your desks of all materials.

17. Thomas Hobbes claimed all people are greedy and selfish by nature. Therefore, they should be ruled by • an absolute ruler • a limited constitutional monarch • a tyrannical king • their own kind of legislative congress. A

18. The idea of unalienable rights was first suggested by • Thomas Paine • Thomas Jefferson • John Locke • Voltaire C

19. Which of the following events would Thomas Hobbes have been most supportive of? • English Civil War • Cromwell’s Protectorate • Glorious Revolution • King Charles I’s execution B

20. What was the purpose of Montesquieu’s idea for separating government’s powers into three branches? • To protect people’s freedoms of life, liberty, property • To protect people from quartering soldiers • To protect an absolute monarchy from civil war • To guarantee that documents like the Magna Carta would be followed A

21. Which of the following is appointed for life in the American government? • Senators • Cabinet members C. Supreme Court Justices D. All of these c

22. Which of these branches makes the laws? • legislative • executive • judicial • both A & B can make the laws A

23. Which of these was the reason why the 3rd Amendment was added to the U. S. Bill of Rights? • Washington • Paine • George III • Jefferson C

24. Rousseau’s TheSocialContract advocated • popular sovereignty • individual interests above all else • absolute monarchial power • a system of checks and balances A

25. Which of these was LEAST likely to contribute to the spread of enlightened ideas? • printing press • Catholic Church • cultural diffusion • Catherine the Great B

26. Which of these was not considered enlightened? • Hanover King George III • Romanov Empress Catherine II • Hohenzollern King Frederick II • Virginian Thomas Jefferson A

27. Adam Smith was an economic reformer who: • supported mercantilism • advocated a laissez faire policy • suggested the basis for socialism • all of these. B

28. Which of these dynasties did not partition Poland three times? • Hohenzollern • Hapsburg • Hanover • Romanov C

29. Thomas Jefferson, the main author of the Declaration of Independence, was most inspired by the enlightened thinker: • Benjamin Franklin • John Locke • Voltaire • Montesquieu B

30. The first European country to ally with the American colonists’ fight against Britain was: • Spain • Netherlands • England • France D

31. The Bill of Rights was added to the U.S. Constitution in: • 1776 • 1789 • 1791 • 1798 C

32. The political party, the Tories, that developed in Britain: • represented the aristocracy • supported a strong hereditary monarchy • could serve in Parliament • all of these. D

33. British colonists in North America: • were elected to England’s Parliament • chose representatives to attend colonial assemblies • paid fewer taxes than their English counterparts • fought against Britain in the Seven Years’ War B

34. The treaty that ended the American Revolution was signed in: • France in 1783 • France in 1779 • Britain in 1783 • Britain in 1779 A