INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING

1. INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING Werner WeissAEE - Institute for Sustainable Technologies (AEE INTEC)A-8200 Gleisdorf, Feldgasse 19AUSTRIA

2. Current Situation: Heating and Cooling The majority of heat is currently produced in the EU from imported and polluting fossil fuelsor from electricity largely generated by fossil fuels or nuclear power.

3. RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING Solar thermal Biomass Geothermal

4. REHC - The sleeping Giant • Heat is the largest energy market in Europe,larger than electricity and transport. • Over 40% of the EU’s primary energy consumption is used for heating or cooling • in buildings • for domestic hot water supply • for industrial process heat and • for heat in the service sector

5. REHC - The sleeping Giant Political Awareness ??? Source: EREC, 2006

6. Technologies – Solar Heating and Cooling Solar Thermal Applications Hot water preparation Space Heating Air conditioning and cooling Industrial process heat Sea water desalination Temperature provided: 30 – 80 °C (-250°C)

7. Development - European Solar Thermal Market Annually installed capacity in European Countries Market Data 2006 (est) Newly installed: 2 100 MWth = 3.0 Mio m² Totally installed: 13 300 MWth = 19.0 Mio m² Data: ESTIF, 2006: preliminary

8. Achievements – Worldwide 2006

9. Targets – Solar Thermal Status now: 13 GW 19 Mill m² 0.04 m²/person 6.8 TWh 2020 (ESTIF) 322 GW 460 Mill m² 1 m²/person 184 TWh 2030 ambitious 966 GW 1,380 Mill m² 3 m²/person 552 TWh Long term 2576 GW 3,680 Mill m² 8 m²/person 1472 TWh Solar Share of the Total Heating and Cooling Demand (based on 2004): 2020 (ESTIF) 3% 2030 ambitious 8 – 19% (energy conservation measures: 0 – 10%) Long term 23 - 50% (energy conservation measures: 0 – 40%)

10. Converting Biomass into Heat, Electricity or Fuels Source: IEA RETD

11. Targets - Biomass Source: ACBION, 2007

12. Technologies - Geothermal Deep Geothermal Concentrated along active tectonic plate boundaries where volcanic activity transports high temp. material near to the surface Heat can be used for electricity generation as well as for direct heat use applications. In Iceland 88% of all households use geothermal energy directly

13. Deep Geothermal

14. Technologies - Geothermal Shallow Geothermal Source: IEA RETD

15. Technologies - Geothermal Number of Geothermal heat pumps sold in Germany (units sold) Source: (EGEC, 2006)

16. Merit order of REHC options • Temperature is an indication of the ‘value’ of heat as classified by: • high (over 250°C) • medium (80°C - 250°C) • low (below 80°C) An exergetic view is needed if we want to achieve the EU 20% target of 20% RES by 2020

17. Merit order of preference • Energy efficiency and conservation options in buildings • Passive solar heating and cooling building designs • Solar thermal (space heating, DHW, cooling…) • Geothermal where sufficient resources exist • Geothermal heat pumps where possible, preferably powered by renewable electricity. • Biomass in integrated bioenergy systems for cogeneration of electricity and heat (CHP) where there is a heat demand (and also the tri-generation of cold). • Biomass combustion for heat only production.

18. Renewable Obligations and Subsidies • Obligations for new buildings • Incentives for the building stock

19. REHC for a Sustainable Energy Future • Renewable heating and cooling can significantly contribute to: • Security of energy supply in the EU • Reducing CO2 emissions • Reducing emissions that cause urban pollution • Creating employment/wealth at a decentralised level

20. Further Information IEA Report: Renewables for Heating and Cooling www.iea.org/Textbase/publications/index.asp Joint Declaration: Renewable Heating and Cooling www.estif.org

21. To reach the REHC targets, a quick reaction and adjustment to the situation is needed RENEWABLE HEATING AND COOLING Thank you for your attention