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6.3.5 Polyatomic ions

6.3.5 Polyatomic ions. Up to this point, only ions derived from single elements have been considered, but there are many ions, almost always anions , which contain two or more elements. Polyatomic ions contain two or more atoms molecularly bound into a single unit with a charge .

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6.3.5 Polyatomic ions

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  1. 6.3.5Polyatomic ions Up to this point, only ions derived from single elements have been considered, but there are many ions, almost always anions, which contain two or more elements. Polyatomic ions contain two or more atoms molecularly bound into a single unit with a charge. Generally, polyatomic ions are recognized by sight

  2. Common polyatomic ions

  3. Many polyatomic ions end in “ate” or “ite” depending on how many oxygens are involved. Example: (nitrate) NO3- Notice how the charge stays the same (nitrite) NO2- When adding a hydrogen to a polyatomic ion, increase the charge by one. Example: sulfate = SO4-2 Notice how the charge changes hydrogen sulfate = HSO4-1

  4. When writing formulas for ionic compounds that include polyatomic ions, treat the polyatomic ion as a single unitand add parentheses if more than 1 polyatomic ion is needed to balance a formula • Fe3+ + NO3- Fe(NO3)3 • NH4+ + SO4-2 (NH4)2SO4 • Ca+2 + H2PO4- Ca(H2PO4)2

  5. Naming these darned things • NaHCO3 Sodium hydrogen carbonate • Hydrogen carbonate is the polyatomic ion • (NH4)3PO4 Ammonium phosphate • the parentheses allow you to separate the polyatomic ions when there are more than one in a formula • Fe2(SO4)3 Iron(III)sulfate • transition metals often need Roman Numerals to be clear about their oxidation states

  6. Most polyatomic ions involve oxygen

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