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European Expansion and Settlement in the Americas

European Expansion and Settlement in the Americas. Europe and Its colonies, 1700. The Columbian Exchange. Transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases between the New and Old Worlds. The Columbian Exchange. Trade and the development of Cash Crops.

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European Expansion and Settlement in the Americas

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  1. European Expansion and Settlement in the Americas

  2. Europe and Its colonies, 1700

  3. The Columbian Exchange • Transfer of people, animals, plants, and diseases between the New and Old Worlds

  4. The Columbian Exchange

  5. Trade and the development of Cash Crops • Spain will mine for gold and silver in their territory using encomienda, forced labor. • However, many natives in the New World lacked immunity to European diseases. • Diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza will become epidemics.

  6. North American Populations

  7. Cash Crops and the Atlantic Slave Trade • Cash crop: any crop that is grown and sold for a profit.

  8. Cash crops and the Atlantic Slave Trade • European markets begin to rapidly increase their demand for: • Tobacco • Rice • Indigo • Cotton • Increases demand lead to a need for imported slave labor

  9. Export of Tobacco from Virginia

  10. Cash crops and the Atlantic Slave Trade • Because of the Treaty of Tordesillas, Portugal will get Brazil and begin to exploit it for sugar cane production. • Limited gold production causes new interest for the Spanish in exploiting Caribbean for sugarcane production. • By the 1600’s Portugal will the world’s largest producer of sugar.

  11. Number of Slaves in the Americas

  12. Triangular Trade- The Atlantic Circuit

  13. Colonial Government • Exceptionally difficult conditions • French and English private merchants invest heavily in expansion of colonies • Greater levels of self-government than Spanish and Portuguese colonies

  14. Colonial Government • The Hacienda System- Large estates produce products of European origin • Peasants could repay loans with cheap labor

  15. The formation of Multicultural Society • European, African migrants primarily men • Relationships with native women formed • Mestizo (mixed) societies formed • People of Spanish and native parentage • Descendants of Spaniards and African slaves (“mulattoes”) • Descendants of African slaves and natives (“zambos”)

  16. The formation of Multicultural Society

  17. Religion in the Americas • Franciscan, Dominican, Jesuit missionaries from sixteenth century • Taught Christian doctrine, literacy • Due to conquest and plague, many natives in Spanish America concluded gods had abandoned them; converted to Catholicism

  18. Religion in the Americas • Virgin of Guadalupe

  19. Religion in the Americas • Because of the intermixing of Africans in the Americas, many new religions will emerge. • In Haiti, vodun will become a fully developed religion.

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