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Mixtures and Solutions

Mixtures and Solutions. Mixtures and Solutions. A mixture is a combination of two or more components that are NOT chemically combined, and retain their identities. Mixtures can be physically separated. The identities of the substances DO NOT change. A homogeneous mixture is also called a

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Mixtures and Solutions

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  1. Mixtures and Solutions

  2. Mixtures and Solutions • A mixture is a combination of two or more components that are NOT chemically combined, and retain their identities. • Mixtures can be physically separated. The identities of the substances DO NOT change. • A homogeneous mixture is also called a solution.

  3. Mixtures • When a mixture’s components are easily recognizable, such as pizza, it is called a heterogeneous mixture. • In ahomogeneous mixture such • as chocolate milk, the component particles cannot be distinguished, • even though they still retain their • original properties.

  4. Mixtures • Common Techniques for Separating Mixtures Distillation – separates a mixture based on boiling points of the component. Examples : saltwater crude oil into gasoline and kerosene Magnet– separates iron from other objects. Centrifuge – spins and separates according to densities.

  5. Solutions • A mixture that appears to be a single substance but is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other. • A solution may be liquid, gaseous, or solid. Examples of solutions Liquid - seawater Gas - air Solid - alloys

  6. Solutions • Dissolving – The process in which particles of substances separate and spread evenly amongst each other. • Solute – substance that is dissolved. A solute is • soluble, or able to dissolve. • A substance that is insoluble is unable to • dissolve, forms a mixture that is not • homogeneous, and therefore NOT a solution. • Solvent– substance in which solute is dissolved.

  7. Solubility • The solubility of a solute is the amount of solute needed to make a saturated solution using a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature. • Solubility is usually expressed in grams of solute per 100 ml of solvent (g/100ml) • Three (3) methods that affect solubility • Mixing, stirring, or shaking • Heating • Crushing or grinding

  8. Suspension • A mixture in which particles of a material are dispersed through- out a liquid or gas but are large enough that they settle out. • Particles are insoluble, so they DO NOT dissolve in the liquid or gas. • Particles can be separated using a filter. • Examples: • Salad dressing • Medicines that say “shake well before use”

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