Members of trained avalanche rescue teams find people buried by avalanches and dig them out.

1. Avalanche by Stephen Kramer Members of trained avalanche rescue teams find people buried by avalanches and dig them out. RID Revised 9/09

2. Avalanches move swiftly. Avalanches occur often.

3. 7 What is the main idea of the selection? • A. Rescuers use probes to search for people caught • in avalanches. • B. People buried by avalanches have a hard time moving. • C. Avalanches are dangerous and hard to predict. IC11: Demonstrate understanding of major ideas and supporting details (Reading GLE 2.1.3)

4. 8 Which idea is included in the section under the heading • A Chilling Experience? • A. Paul Baugher was unable to move his arms and legs in • the avalanche. • B. People who ski in snowy mountains need to know • about avalanches. • C. Rescuers often search for avalanche survivors • with probes. IA16: Demonstrate understanding of text features (titles, headings, and other information divisions, table of contents, captions) and graphic features (Reading GLE 2.2.2)

5. 9 According to the selection, what happens first during an • avalanche rescue? • A. Rescuers use probes to feel for the buried person. • B. Rescuers make a quick search of the area. • C. Rescuers carefully dig holes in the snow. IC15: Order steps, sequence, and/or process from the reading (Reading GLE 2.2.1)

6. 10 Any of these words could be used to describe avalanches in the selection. Choose the word you think best describes avalanches. Powerful Frightening Harmful Use two details from the selection to support your choice. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IC13: Make inferences or predictions based on the reading (Reading GLE 2.1.5)

8. Text-based details may include, but are not limited to: Powerful / Frightening / Harmful Sweeps people / animals away No air to breathe / air is forced out Can’t move arms or legs / traps people Buries people / animals Have to wait for others for rescue Can get injured / hit a tree Like a fast-moving stream / moves quickly Happens suddenly / by surprise You could die

9. 2 10 Any of these words could be used to describe avalanches in the selection. Choose the word you think best describes avalanches. Powerful Frightening Harmful Use two details from the selection to support your choice. This response chooses a word that best describes avalanches and provides four details from the selection for support: Powerful A. “…avalanches can take you right off of your feet.” F. “You can get thrown into trees.” D. “You can get buried.” B. “You can suffackat.” A. “You can get thrown of big hills.”

10. 2 10 Any of these words could be used to describe avalanches in the selection. Choose the word you think best describes avalanches. Powerful Frightening Harmful Use two details from the selection to support your choice. This response chooses a word that best describes avalanches and provides three details from the selection for support: Harmful I. “…many people and animals have died…” G. “…snow going down a cliff really fast…” C. “…skiers can get caught in an avalanch.”

11. 1 10 Any of these words could be used to describe avalanches in the selection. Choose the word you think best describes avalanches. Powerful Frightening Harmful Use two details from the selection to support your choice. This response chooses a word that best describes avalanches and provides one detail from the selection for support: Frightening H. “…you don’t know whats happening before or after the avalanche hit you.”

12. 1 10 Any of these words could be used to describe avalanches in the selection. Choose the word you think best describes avalanches. Powerful Frightening Harmful Use two details from the selection to support your choice. This response chooses a word that best describes avalanches and provides one detail from the selection for support: Powerful C. “…could not move his legs and arms.”

13. 0 10 Any of these words could be used to describe avalanches in the selection. Choose the word you think best describes avalanches. Powerful Frightening Harmful Use two details from the selection to support your choice. This response provides no details from the selection.

14. 11 Which sentence explains why people buried by an avalanche are • usually unable to move their arms and legs? • A. Moving snow mixes with oxygen as it races downhill. • B. Snow crystals pack tightly together pushing the air out. • C. Parts of the body are injured when buried by heavy snow. IA18: Make connections (cause and effect) within a text (Reading GLE 2.3.1)

15. 12 In your own words, write a summary of the avalanche search and rescue process. Include three important ideas from the selection in your summary. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IC12: Summarize with evidence from the reading (Reading GLE 2.1.7) *Note: This stem has been updated.

17. Text-based important ideas may include, but are not limited to: Trained rescue teams are ready to help (find) avalanche victims Rescuers must be fast Rescuers start by making a quick search / looking where the avalanche was Rescuers check downhill from the last place where a person was seen Rescuers look for clothing or a sign (clue) of the person Rescuers search with avalanche probes Rescuers dig / get them out

18. 12 In your own words, write a summary of the avalanche search and rescue process. Include three important ideas from the selection in your summary. 2 This response provides a summary of the avalanche search and rescue process by including four important ideas from the selection: D. “First the team starts where the person was first caught and work down.” E. “Then they look for clothing.” F. “…they stick probes in the ground to find the person…” G. “…so they can dig them out.”

19. 2 12 In your own words, write a summary of the avalanche search and rescue process. Include three important ideas from the selection in your summary. This response provides a summary of the avalanche search and rescue process by including three important ideas from the selection: E. “…people do a look fore hats, gloves and so on.” F. “…the people take propes and poke though the snow.” B. “People need to work fast…”

20. 1 12 In your own words, write a summary of the avalanche search and rescue process. Include three important ideas from the selection in your summary. This response provides a partial summary of the avalanche search and rescue process by including two important ideas from the selection: E. “Rescuers first go and look around to see ski tips or see a hat or a glove.” F. “Then they get a probe…”

21. 1 12 In your own words, write a summary of the avalanche search and rescue process. Include three important ideas from the selection in your summary. This response provides a partial summary of the avalanche search and rescue process by including one important idea from the selection: G. “…then dig them out…”

22. 0 12 In your own words, write a summary of the avalanche search and rescue process. Include three important ideas from the selection in your summary. This response provides no important ideas or summarizing statements from the selection.

23. 13 What is the author’s purpose for writing this selection? • A. To inform readers about the dangers of snow slides • B. To tell readers a terrifying story about a snow storm • C. To persuade readers to avoid trips to snowy mountains IA19: Analyze author’s purpose (including distinguishing between fact and opinion) and evaluate effectiveness for different audiences (Reading GLEs 2.4.2, 2.4.3, 2.4.4)