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The Development of Music Notation

The Development of Music Notation. The Evolution of Written Music. Notation, the way of writing down music, has developed over many years

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The Development of Music Notation

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  1. The Development of Music Notation The Evolution of Written Music

  2. Notation, the way of writing down music, has developed over many years • Many types of early music, just like stories, were passed down the generations without being notated, hence they tended to evolve over time (broken telephone) • Notation is required for consistency and precision • Music theory began at the same time as notation. Notes needed names and relationships between notes had to be described

  3. Music In Early Civilizations(A WORLD TOUR) All Around The World, Music Was Being Made Far Before The Introduction Of Notation

  4. EGYPT • Music was a part of everyday life • Lute, lyre, and harp were popular instruments Lute Lyre Harp

  5. ISRAEL • Music was associated with religion • Shofar and ram’s horn were popular instruments • Professional musicians were used at services • Used two types of music: • RESPONSORIAL MUSIC: the soloist is answered by the choir • ANTIPHONAL MUSIC: choir is divided in two and they alternate their singing

  6. CHINA • Used PENTATONIC SCALE (5 note scale) • Many instruments were plucked, stringed instruments from the zither family

  7. ROME • Music based on music of the Greeks • Music used for military or entertainment purposes • Romans made the first brass instruments and horns

  8. GREECE • Our term `music` originated from the Greek mousike • Music used at festivals, plays, and Olympic games • Popular instruments were the Kithara and the Aulos • Invented music scales and modes • They named pitches of the scale by using the alphabet (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) • Music was monophonic (one melodic line)

  9. Notation In The Middle Ages(Student Note) • Music was associated with monasteries and churches • Songs were based on the Old Testament of the Bible • Songs were chanted in Latin, in unison and a cappella(without instruments) • Chants were smooth and used only a few tones • Chants followed the rhythm of the text (words) • Later melodies were sometimes melismatic (many notes sung on one syllable of the text) • Chants were learned from memory (by rote) thus not written down • Musicians began to look for method of notation • Hundreds of chants were organized in the time of Pope Gregory (540-604AD). They were called Gregorian Chants or Plainsong.

  10. Between 6th and 8th Centuries(Student Note) • Method of notation placed marks called neumes over the words to show the direction of the melodic line • Neumes means signs in Greek • Horizontal lines were added to give a reference point to the moving melody

  11. Graphic Forms of Notation • The earliest forms of graphical notation were marks indicating approximate pitch to remind readers of a tune they had already learned • Music was very imprecise (not accurate), without clefs or staves • The modern system for notes was developed initially in the 14th century • Many new signs and methods have been added since

  12. The Evolution of Graphic Notation

  13. The Addition of Clefs The Evolution of the Treble (G) Clef The Evolution of the Bass (F) Clef

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