1 / 21

mmmmm

mmmmm. Infectious Diseases. CHP400 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROGRAM-II. Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases. Malaria Epidemiology & Control. mmmmm. mmmmm. Mohamed M. B. Alnoor. Malaria. mmmmm. mmmmm. Importance:. mmmmm. 1/2 world pop: live in malarious areas

amadis
Download Presentation

mmmmm

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. mmmmm Infectious Diseases CHP400 COMMUNITY HEALTH PROGRAM-II Emerging and Re-emergingInfectious Diseases Malaria Epidemiology & Control mmmmm mmmmm Mohamed M. B. Alnoor

  2. Malaria mmmmm mmmmm Importance: mmmmm • 1/2 world pop: live in malarious areas • 219 million infections(154 – 289 million), • Kills a child every minute • 660,00 deaths( mostly African children) • 90% deaths in Africa(1/6 childhood deaths) • Untreated P. falicparum < 25% • Anaemia among children • pregnancy :anaemia & low birth weight mmmmm mmmmm

  3. Malaria mmmmm mmmmm Importance: mmmmm • Serious economic impacts in Africa. • A disease of poverty — the poor in malaria-prone rural areas live in poorly-constructed dwellings offering no barriers against mosquitoes. mmmmm mmmmm • Malaria is both preventable and treatable, • Resistance of parasite to drugs • Resistance of mosquito to insecticdes

  4. Malaria mmmmm Mode of Transmission: mmmmm mmmmm Agent: Plasmodium sp. P. falciparum P. vivax P. ovale P. malariae Vector: Anopheline Reservoir: Man mmmmm mmmmm

  5. Malaria mmmmm Mode of Transmission: mmmmm mmmmm Mosquito Man Man Mosquito mmmmm mmmmm 1-3 yrs : P. vivax 1 yr : P. falciparum

  6. Malaria mmmmm Mode of Transmission: mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm

  7. Malaria mmmmm Mode of Transmission: mmmmm Factors Influencing Transmission: mmmmm • Host factors • Parasite factors • The vector • The environment mmmmm mmmmm

  8. Malaria mmmmm Immunity: mmmmm mmmmm Unstable malaria: Low endemicity spleen rate ≤ 50% Stable malaria: High endemicity spleen rate ≥ 50% mmmmm mmmmm

  9. Malaria mmmmm Immunity: mmmmm mmmmm Unstable malaria: All population groups Stable malaria: Newborn:3-6/12(immune mothers): childhood: Clinical malaria mmmmm mmmmm • Intermittent absence of parasitaemia. • Lower parasite density. • Premunition. • Splenomegaly.

  10. Malaria mmmmm Immunity: mmmmm mmmmm Stable malaria: Adolescents and adults: Parasitaemia: sometimes Clinical symptoms: occasional Pregnant: especially primigravidae mmmmm mmmmm Immunity Use of prophylaxis: Delays the process of immunity Serious disease on re-exposure

  11. Malaria mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm

  12. Malaria mmmmm Control (and Prevention): mmmmm mmmmm • Vector Reduction • Vector-host contact reduction • Parasite reduction • Research mmmmm mmmmm

  13. Malaria mmmmm Control (and Prevention): mmmmm mmmmm • Vector Reduction • Breeding sites • Destruction of larvae • Adult anophelines mmmmm mmmmm

  14. Malaria mmmmm Control (and Prevention): mmmmm mmmmm • Vector-host contact reduction • Well screened areas. • Mosquito nets (ITN). • Cover most of the body. • Use repellent on exposed skin. • Insecticide spray. • Antisporozoite vaccine? mmmmm mmmmm

  15. Malaria mmmmm Control (and Prevention): mmmmm mmmmm • Parasite reduction • Chemotherapy • Chemoprophylaxis • Antimerozoite vaccine? • Antigamitocyte vaccine? mmmmm mmmmm • Research

  16. Malaria mmmmm Control (and Prevention): mmmmm mmmmm Roll Back Malaria (RBM) WHO, UNICEF, UNDP and the World Bank, • - ITN • Treatment • Anemia • IPT: mmmmm mmmmm IPTi: 3,6&9- 59% IPTc IPTsc: anemia IPTp: twice

  17. Malaria mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm

  18. Malaria mmmmm mmmmm Resurgence mmmmm The problem is increasing Vector: Breeding site Cost and resistance Changing habits Parasite: Resistance and cost mmmmm mmmmm

  19. Malaria mmmmm Fansidar 6 years Mefloquine 4 years Atovaquone 6 months mmmmm Resurgence mmmmm Chloroquine 16 years mmmmm mmmmm 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

  20. Malaria mmmmm mmmmm Resurgence mmmmm • Population: • Movement. • In-cooperation. • Neighboring countries • Inadequate Control: • Political and economic. • Technical. mmmmm mmmmm

  21. Malaria mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm mmmmm

More Related