Fallacies

1. Fallacies Steve Wood TCCC

2. Definition • A fallacy is an error in thinking, logic, or argumentation. • To create an effective argument, it is important to avoid fallacies.

3. Common Fallacies • Hasty generalization – basing a conclusion on insufficient evidence • Post hoc ergo propter hoc – mistakenly connecting two events in a cause and effect relationship • Genetic fallacy – arguing that the origin of something automatically determines its worth

4. Common Fallacies • Either/or dilemma – oversimplifying to create an either/or situation to force a particular belief • Faulty comparison/analogy – comparing two unlike items to force a particular conclusion • Ad hominem – an attack on the character of the opponent instead of dealing with the actual argument

5. Common Fallacies • Ad populum – an emotional appeal that avoids the argument, based on the popularity of an idea rather than its merits • Red herring – diverting attention away from the actual issue • Straw man – deliberating misstating an opponent’s position to make them easier to attack