190 likes | 507 Views
Fallacies. Learning Targets: I can identify logical fallacies when they are committed. I can recognize why reasoning is fallacious. I can avoid logical fallacies in my own writing and debating. Arguments that use legitimate fears to incite panic or prejudice.
E N D
Fallacies Learning Targets: I can identify logical fallacies when they are committed. I can recognize why reasoning is fallacious. I can avoid logical fallacies in my own writing and debating.
Arguments that use legitimate fears to incite panic or prejudice. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5zWB4dLYChM Scare Tactics
Arguments that reduce the options for action to only two choices. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=7gw8WuATIRY Either-Or Choices/False Dilemma/Bifurcation
Arguments that exaggerate the likely consequences of an action, usually to frighten readers/listeners. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=5v-JuG6YMqI https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=74eDQ1a5G8k Slippery Slope
Arguments that use tender emotions excessively to distract readers from facts. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=AMpZ0TGjbWE https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=xwndLOKQTDs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RmoqET7KvQs Sentimental Appeals
Arguments that urge people to follow the same path everyone else is taking. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=MEGUDMgaVfM Bandwagon Appeal
Arguments that draw on the authority of widely respected people, institutions, and texts. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=9_YneSM0ItA Appeals to False Authority
Implies that there is only one side to an argument. Examples often found in religious arguments and political arguments. Dogmatism
Arguments attack the character of a person rather than the claim made. *Bill Clinton Ad Hominem
Arguments that draw inferences from insufficient evidence. Stereotypes often arise from this fallacy. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=QCfucfpLR_g Hasty Generalization
Arguments that assume that because one event or action follows another, the first necessarily causes the second. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ubUTobPPP3o Faulty Causality/Post Hoc
Argument in which an irrelevant topic is presented in order to divert attention from the original issue. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6VmYOFGpbM Red Herring
A form of circular reasoning, divorced from reality. An assumption that the conclusion is true, even if the premises do not offer evidence of that conclusion. Example: Santa Claus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CVbku6nxhU&feature=em-share_video_user Begging the Question
An argument in which claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically; one point does not follow from another. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=t68MYEXwsk0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=jBjBFSBLdp0 Non Sequitur
An inaccurate or inconsequential comparison between objects or concepts; elaborate comparison of two things which are too dissimilar. Example: Making people register their own guns is like the Nazis making the Jews register with their government. This policy is crazy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-Oh-xZskRM *Swiss Army knife of cameras Faulty/False Analogy
An argument that gives a lie an honest appearance; a half-truth. Equivocation
Chooses to refute arguments that go beyond the opposition’s claims; when a person simply ignores a person’s actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of that position. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrN5AHUKx-w&feature=em-share_video_user The Straw Man
Promoting arguments that favor only one side while rejecting or avoiding arguments from another point of view, especially arguments we don’t want to deal with. Stacking the Deck