MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration Chapter 3 Networking with Windows Server 2008

Objectives • Identify the basic components of a network • Describe the features of Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) • Configure clients for IPv4 and IPv6 • Upgrade a network from IPv4 to IPv6 • Troubleshoot Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol on networks MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Introduction to Networking • Basics of networking • A network is a group of two or more nodes • Networking is the practice of: • Designing, implementing, and managing a collection of computers and devices or a network • Types of networks • Network scale • Connection methodology • Network architecture • Network topology • Network protocol MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Introduction to Networking (continued) • Network scale • How networks occupy geographic space • Most common types of networks • Local area networks (LANs) • Wide area networks (WANs) • Connection methodology • Defines the type of hardware technology used for connecting network nodes MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Introduction to Networking (continued) • Network topology • Categorizes networks based on the physical and logical relationship among devices • Network protocol • Allows network nodes to communicate with each other MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Basic Network Components • Network interface cards (NICs) • Hardware cards installed in computers so that they can connect to a physical network • Repeater • Hardware device that receives a signal and then resends it at a higher level or power • Hubs • Have multiple ports to which nodes connect MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Basic Network Components (continued) • Bandwidth • Describes the amount of data that can travel from one network point to another within a specified time • Network bridges • Connect one or more network segments • Switches • Work at Layer 2 of the OSI model and forward frames between ports based on MAC addresses MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Basic Network Components (continued) • Routers • Responsible for forwarding packets between subnets, or networks with differing IP addressing schemes • Use dynamic routing protocols and preconfigured static routes to deliver packets • Always connected to at least two networks MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Network Addressing with TCP/IP • IPv4 • The industry standard for network addressing in public and private networks • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) • Set of rules to exchange messages with other Internet points at the information packet level • Guarantees the delivery of packets MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Network Layers and the OSI Model • Physical layer • Responsible for bit-level transmission between network nodes • Data Link layer • Responsible for communications between adjacent network nodes • Network layer • Responsible for establishing paths for data transfer through the network MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Network Layers and the OSI Model (continued) • Transport layer • Responsible for delivering messages between networked hosts • Session layer • Responsible for establishing process-to-process communications between networked hosts • Presentation layer • Responsible for defining the syntax that two network hosts use to communicate • Application layer • Responsible for providing user services MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Anatomy of an IPv4 Address • IPv4 • Based on an addressing scheme that uses unique 32-bit (4-byte) addresses • Binary numbers • Represented by either a 1 or a 0 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Anatomy of an IPv4 Address (continued) • Activity 3-1: Converting Decimal Numbers to Binary Numbers • Time Required: 15 minutes • Objective: Practice decimal-to-binary conversion MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Subnetting • The process of creating multiple smaller networks, or subnets, from an IP network address • Subnet mask • Can determine the network and host ID portions of an IP address MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Subnetting (continued) • Activity 3-2: Using the Windows Calculator to Convert Decimal Numbers to Binary • Time Required: 5 minutes • Objective: Use the Windows Calculator to perform decimal-to-binary number conversions MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Subnetting (continued) • Special-use IPv4 addresses • Defined by Request for Comment (RFC) 3330 • Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) • Uses variable length subnet masks to provide individualized network addressing • Supernetting • Allows you to combine two or more subnetworks into a larger supernetwork MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Public and Private Addresses • Public addresses • Issued IP addresses that are available from the Internet • Centrally registered and maintained through ICANN, ISPs, and domain registration organizations • Private IP addresses • Not available or routable on the Internet • Used by administrators deploying internal networks MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Introduction to IPv6 • IPv6 • The future of IP on the Internet and on public and private networks • Advantages • Improved security • Improved autoconfiguration • Simplified routing • Addressing with IPv6 • IPv6 uses source and destination addresses that are 128 bits, or 16 bytes, in length MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Introduction to IPv6 (continued) • Address structure • IPv6 rules for shortening addresses • Any leading digit of 0 (zero) can be dropped from any group • Two or more groups of zeroes can be replaced by two colons (can be done only once per address) MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Introduction to IPv6 (continued) • Activity 3-3: Simplifying IPv6 Addresses • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Transcribe IPv6 addresses using rules for simplification MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Introduction to IPv6 (continued) • IPv6 addresses • Can be written with CIDR notation for subnetting an address • For example, the following address represents a 48-bit network address 1075:5:ab12::/48 MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

IPv6 Address Types • IPv6 addresses fall into the following types • Link-local addresses • Unique local addresses • Global addresses • Multicast addresses • Special addresses MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

IPv6 Address Types (continued) • Activity 3-4: Using IPconfig to Determine Link-Local Addresses • Time Required: 5 minutes • Objective: Use IPconfig to determine a link-local address MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Configuring Clients for IPv4 and IPv6 • DHCP • Automates the allocation of IP addresses through a server-based role • APIPA addresses • Allow clients on the same subnet to communicate without DHCP or manual configuration • Alternate configuration • Used to set a static IP address in your IP configuration that will be used if DHCP is not available MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Configuring Clients for IPv4 and IPv6 (continued) • Activity 3-6: Manually Configuring DHCP with an Alternate IP Address Configuration • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Configure a client to use DHCP and an alternate IP configuration MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Configuring Clients for IPv4 and IPv6 (continued) • Manually configuring IP addresses • Often referred to as static configuration or a static IP addresses • Static IP addresses • Commonly used on servers where a dynamic IP address would affect network resources MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Configuring Clients for IPv4 and IPv6 (continued) • Activity 3-7: Manually Configuring a Static IP Address Using Network Connections • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Configure a client with manual IP addressing MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Configuring Clients for IPv4 and IPv6 (continued) • Activity 3-8: Manually Configuring an IP Address Using netsh • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Configure a client with manual IP addressing using netsh MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Configuring Clients for IPv4 and IPv6 (continued) • Almost all computers automatically configure IPv6 settings • Configuration methods • Stateless and stateful • DHCPv6 • Main function is to provide clients with secondary network configuration information • Neighbor Discovery • Protocol used by IPv6 clients for router discovery on a network MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Manual Configuration Through the GUI • Activity 3-9: Manually Configure a Static IP Address Using Network Connections • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Configure a client with manual IP addressing MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Manual Configuration with Netsh • Netsh • Can be used to manually configure your Windows Server 2008 server with a static IP address • Syntax to add an IPv6 address netsh interface ipv6 add address “interface” address MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Manual Configuration with Netsh (continued) • Activity 3-10: Manually Configuring an IP Address Using netsh • Time Required: 10 minutes • Objective: Configure a client with manual IP addressing using netsh MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

Upgrading Your Network to IPv6 • Dual-Layer IP stack • TCP/IP stack in Windows Server 2008 uses dual-layer architecture • IPv6 over IPv4 • Tunnels that can be created • Router-to-router • Host-to-router and router-to-host • Host-to-host MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

ISATAP • Allows IPv6 routers and hosts to communicate across IPv4 networks • Requires a router that supports ISATAP • Interface ID is separated into two parts • First 32 bits are either 0:5efe for a private address or 200:5efe for a public address • Last 32 bits are the IPv4 address MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration

MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration