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Butlers model of tourism

Butlers model of tourism. The Butler Tourism Model. Based on MEDC tourism Cycle of a resort development, tourism and decline. Tourism viewed as a resource The model has 6 Stages: Exploration Involvement Development Consolidation Stagnation Decline/Rejuvenation. The Butler Model.

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Butlers model of tourism

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  1. Butlers model of tourism

  2. The Butler Tourism Model • Based on MEDC tourism • Cycle of a resort development, tourism and decline. • Tourism viewed as a resource • The model has 6 Stages: • Exploration • Involvement • Development • Consolidation • Stagnation • Decline/Rejuvenation

  3. The Butler Model

  4. EACH STAGE EXPLAINED… Exploration • Small number of tourist attracted by culture/natural beauty. • Limited numbers. • Few facilities exist.

  5. EACH STAGE EXPLAINED… Involvement • Some involvement by locals to provide tourists with facilities. • Recognisable tourist season. • Developing tourism market.

  6. EACH STAGE EXPLAINED… Development • Large numbers of tourists. • Control of market moves from locals to external bodies e.g. TNC’s. • Conflict between residents and tourists.

  7. EACH STAGE EXPLAINED… Consolidation • Tourism constitutes major part of the economy. • Tourist numbers plateau. • Older facilities seen as “second rate”.

  8. EACH STAGE EXPLAINED… Stagnation • Peak tourist numbers reached. • Resort no longer fashionable.

  9. EACH STAGE EXPLAINED… Decline OR Rejuvenation • Attractiveness continues to decline. • Visitors lost to other resorts / destinations. • Resort becomes dependant on day / weekend visitors from limited geographical area. • Unless efforts made to modernise and rejuvenate resort will continue to decline.

  10. Case Study Spain – Costa del Sol

  11. Exploration • 1960’s only 0.4 million tourists to the Costa del Sol, visiting for the beach holidays. Involvement • 1970's numbers rose to 3 million. • Farmland built on, infrastructure improved. • Transition from resource based to demand based. Development & Consolidation • 1980’s numbers rocketed to 7 million (carrying capacity reached). • Clubs, bars, restaurants and more hotels were built, leading to environmental degradation.

  12. Stagnation • Late 1980’s area began to stagnate, and was no longer fashionable. • Attractive mountainous area blocked by large hotel developments. • Beaches dirty from litter left by tourists. • Polluted from excessive sewage. • Strain on resources e.g. water • It takes 60 000 gallons to run a luxury hotel for a day.

  13. Decline OR Rejuvenation?? • 1990s Costa del Sol began rejuvenation. • Beaches tidied and achieved EU Blue Flag. • VAT cut to 6% to encourage tourists and businesses. • Tourism began to diversify to ecotourism and heritage tourism. • Development of CotoDonana national park to 'Costa Donana’ abandoned • Wetland area popular with rare birds • Previous development had seen a drop in the water table and the death of 30 000 wild birds form pesticide contamination

  14. Spanish Tourism Today • Tourism spread more inland to Madrid and Barcelona. • Historical & City based tourism gains popularity. • Culturally diverse areas such as Almeria have also gained popularity. • Spain has not seen a decline in tourism, but a spatial change moving inland. Costa Del Sol

  15. Make a copy of Butlers model. (use a whole page) • Using the worksheet, decide which statements match each stage. • Annotate your graph in your exercise books. • In another colour, add detail using your Costa Del Sol case study.

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