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The Crusades

The Crusades. Kingdom of Heaven. Kingdom of Heaven. The city of Jerusalem is a holy city for the three western world religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Jews believe the Temple Mount and the Western (Wailing) Wall is the location of the Temple of Solomon

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The Crusades

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  1. The Crusades

  2. Kingdom of Heaven

  3. Kingdom of Heaven • The city of Jerusalem is a holy city for the three western world religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam • Jews believe the Temple Mount and the Western (Wailing) Wall is the location of the Temple of Solomon • Christians believe Jerusalem is where Jesus Christ was crucified and raised from the dead • Muslims believe Jerusalem is where the prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven

  4. Blame the Romans • The Romans under Titus tore down the last standing Jewish temple in 70 • When the Arabs took over, they built the Dome of the Rock over the ruins • Christians did not like the idea of “their” holy city being in Muslim hands

  5. Pope Urban II at Clermont, 1095 • Urban II calls for a ‘crusade to retake the Holy Land’ • Promises the forgiveness of sins for anyone who partakes in the crusade • Deus Vult: God wills it

  6. The First Crusade • In 1096, the knights of the First Crusade set off • Sacked Antioch in 1098 • Conquered Jerusalem in 1099 • The Crusaders massacred Jews and Muslims in their sack of the city

  7. Godfrey de Bouillon and the Crusader Kingdoms

  8. Kingdom of Jerusalem • Under Godfrey, Crusader knights built the current Church of the Holy Sepulchre and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem… • By 1145 the Muslims were threatening to take it all back

  9. The Second Crusade • A Complete Disaster

  10. Salah ad-Din • Becomes Sultan in 1174 • Known as Saladin, he is hailed as an example of a virtuous knight… • …Probably because he beat the living daylights out of the Crusaders • Salah ad-Din retook Jerusalem in 1187

  11. The Third Crusade • Richard the Lionheart launches the Third Crusade, with Frederick Barbarossa, and Philip II • Frederick drowns, Philip quits, Richard stalemates with Saladin • Jerusalem remains in Muslim hands

  12. The Fourth Crusade, 1205 • Pope Innocent III decides to launch the Fourth Crusade • Second and Third Crusades ended in stalemate and failure • Crusaders get involved in a Byzantine power dispute • At the urging of Venice, the knights of the Fourth Crusade commit one of the greatest atrocities in Western History

  13. Sack of Constantinople, 1204

  14. The Sack of Constantinople • For three days, the Crusaders destroyed the Christian city of Constantinople • Priceless ancient and medieval Greek and Roman works were destroyed • Relics were stolen from churches • The Library of Constantinople was burned to the ground • Unknown works of Sophocles were lost • Women and children were slaughtered • Numerous churches were burned

  15. Aftermath of The Crusades • Since 1187, parts of Jerusalem have remained in Muslim control • The Catholic Church and Greek Orthodox Church irrevocably split • The Crusades are still a source of tension between Christians and Muslims today • The massacre of Jews became a regular feature of European life

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