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The Crusades

The Crusades. Introduction. Modern Significance of the Crusades. Introduction. Modern Significance of the Crusades Birth of European Expansionism? Population pressure Not the only crusade…. Introduction. Modern Significance of the Crusades Birth of European Expansionism?

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The Crusades

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  1. The Crusades

  2. Introduction • Modern Significance of the Crusades

  3. Introduction • Modern Significance of the Crusades • Birth of European Expansionism? • Population pressure • Not the only crusade…

  4. Introduction • Modern Significance of the Crusades • Birth of European Expansionism? • Population pressure • Not the only crusade… • Themes in Crusades • Different Motivations • Power of Christianity • Internal Tensions

  5. Background • Rise of the Seljuk Turks

  6. Background • Rise of the Seljuk Turks • Pope Urban II

  7. Pope Urban II’s Speech (1095) • What does Pope say about Persians (Muslims)? • What about those “hindered by love of children”? • Connected to European expansion? • Controlling Noble Violence? • Religious Salvation?

  8. Causes of the Crusades • Search for Causation

  9. Causes of the Crusades • Search for Causation • Piety • Pilgrimage and Indulgence • Recovering the Holy Land • Church as great unifier

  10. Causes of the Crusades • Search for Causation • Piety • Pilgrimage and Indulgence • Recovering the Holy Land • Church as great unifier • “Secular” Factors • “Pull” from Palestine • “Push” from Europe • Search for land • Feudal obligations • Debts • Problem of Noble Violence

  11. Causes of the Crusades • Search for Causation • Piety • “Secular” Factors • So what was it? • Religious Emphasis • Depended on person

  12. The People’s Crusade • Some can’t wait… • Undisciplined Mob • Anti-Jewish Violence • Tensions with Hungarians and Byz’s • Fate of Crusade

  13. First Crusade (Baron’s Crusade) • Internal Divisions • Problems with Byzantines • Crusader Victories • Crusader States

  14. First Crusade (Baron’s Crusade) • Internal Divisions • Problems with Byzantines • Crusader Victories • Crusader States

  15. First Crusade (Baron’s Crusade) • Internal Divisions • Problems with Byzantines • Crusader Victories • Crusader States • Sack of Jerusalem (1099) (M)en rode in blood up to their knees and bridle reins. Indeed, it was a just and splendid judgment of God, that this place should be filled with the blood of the unbelievers, when it had suffered so long from their blasphemies."—Foucher de Chartes

  16. First Crusade (Baron’s Crusade) • Internal Divisions • Problems with Byzantines • Crusader Victories • Summary

  17. Later Crusades • Numerous Crusades

  18. Later Crusades • Numerous Crusades • Problems for Crusaders • Surrounded and Outnumbered • Old vs. New Crusaders • Divided Crusader states • Italian City-States

  19. Later Crusades • Numerous Crusades • Problems for Crusaders • Fall of the Crusader States http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072957549/student_view0/chapter20/interactive_map_quiz.html

  20. Later Crusades • Numerous Crusades • Problems for Crusaders • Fall of the Crusader States • Interest Fizzles http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072957549/student_view0/chapter20/interactive_map_quiz.html

  21. Results and Legacy of the Crusades • Effect on the Arabs

  22. Results and Legacy of the Crusades • Effect on the Arabs • Effect on the Europeans • Intellectual Impact • Trade Impact • Hardened Cultural/Political Barriers

  23. Results and Legacy of the Crusades • Effect on the Arabs • Effect on the Europeans • Prelude to Expansion?

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