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Structural Collapse Technician Training – Ver. 3.1

Structural Collapse Technician Training – Ver. 3.1. Module : 2b Constructing Shoring Systems Jul12. Terminal Objectives. The Student shall learn how to maintain the integrity of all structurally unstable elements

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Structural Collapse Technician Training – Ver. 3.1

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  1. Structural Collapse Technician Training – Ver. 3.1 Module : 2b Constructing Shoring Systems Jul12

  2. Terminal Objectives • The Student shall learn how to maintain the integrity of all structurally unstable elements • The Student shall learn how to properly transmit or redirect the collapse loads to stable ground or other suitable structural elements capable of handling the additional loads

  3. Enabling Objectives • Have a basic understanding of how to conduct a proper shoring size-up • Be able to identify locations for proper shoring placement • Understand the shoring team concept and identify positions & purpose • Understand the different types of shoring components and equipment

  4. WE INSTALL RESCUE SHORING TO PROTECT"US"

  5. Shoring Size-up - 1 • Identify structural hazards, damage and potential victim locations • Determine best method to mitigate the hazard and damage • Determine the type & placement of shoring systems in relation to structural hazards and potential victim location

  6. Shoring Size-up - 2 • Performed by at least a structural specialist, rescue team manager and / or a rescue squad officer • It must be extensive, accurate and continue throughout the rescue operation

  7. Size-up Considerations • VICTIMS • SIX SIDED APPROACH • STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS • AGE & CONDITON OF STRUCTURE • COLLAPSE WARNING SIGNS

  8. Shoring Placement • Where to place US&R Shoring • Support unstable Structural Elements • Under Debris Pile • Under Victim Location Support Fl Beam, so it can provide lateral support for column

  9. Shoring Sequence • Sequence • Shore from Outside - In • Shore for Team access & egress • Phased approach – Class 1, 2 & 3 • Spot shore - Class 1 T, but Dbl T is better • 2 Dimensional - Class 2 2 or more Post Vertical • 3 Dimensional - Class 3 Laced Post, Sloped Floor

  10. Support wood roof & floor w/ aligned shores Horizontal Shoring in access corridor

  11. Shore at Missing Structural Supports • Walls • Beams • Columns • Girders • Arches

  12. CUTTING TEAM LAYOUT FF CUTTING FF TOOL & EQUIP FF The Shoring Squad SHORING TEAM SHORING OFFICER MEASURING FF SHORING FF

  13. SHORING OIC MEASURING FF SHORING FF SHORING FF SAFETY FF RUNNER CUTTING TEAM OIC LAYOUT FF FEEDER CUTTING FF TOOL & EQ FF RUNNER Shore Cutting Assembly Team Team

  14. Header Sole Plate Wall Plate Post Raker Raker Cleat Collects load at roof and floor Transmits load to floor or ground Collects load from wall/vert. surface Transmits load from header to sole Transmits load from wall plate to sole 24" to 30", 2x used as connection piece to resist sliding Shoring Terminology

  15. Gussets Half Gusset Dbl Gusset Mid Pt Brace Diagonal Bracing 12" sq. ply connection for rakers 6" x 12" ply connection for vert. shores (Use 2x4x18"cleat if have noPly) 12" x 24" Gusset used for Dbl T Lumber used to connect rakers or posts at mid point for bracing 2x lumber placed on diagonal in X or V to keep shoring from racking Shoring Terminology (cont) Make gussets from (5/8 or 3/4) plywood or OSB

  16. Ply Braces Window & Door Cleats Wedges Shims 5/8" or 3/4" plywood cut in strips of 8" x 48", 24" x 48", & 24" x 24", used to brace Plywood Laced Posts (PLP) 2 x 4 x 14" minimum – up to 18" 2x or 4x lumber cut, diagonally into 2 pieces to allow for adjustments in height/length (2x are more stable) Any piece of lumber, wedge shaped or flat that is used to fill-in void spaces Shoring Terminology (cont)

  17. Standard Gusset Plates Ply is 5/8"or 3/4" All 8d Nails (Coated nails cause less splitting) Full Gusset 12"x 12"Ply (Rakers & T- Shore) "5 and 8 in Full Gusset Plate" Half Gusset6"x 12"Ply (All Vertical Shores) "Only 8 in Half Gusset Plate"

  18. Special Gusset Plates Ply is 5/8"or 3/4" All 8d Nails Ply is 5/8"or 3/4" All 8d Nails Double Gusset at Header 12"x 24"Ply (Dbl T & Ply Laced Post ) 14-8d + 2 times 5 –8d Double Gusset Brace 12"x 24"Ply (Dbl T Mid-brace ) 2 times 8 –8d

  19. Plyw'd Braces – Ply Laced Posts (PLP) Top & Bottom Brace 8"x 48" for 4ft sides of 2'x4' & 4'x4' PLP 5 –8d each end Middle Braces 24"x 48" for 4ft sides of 2'x4' & 4'x4' PLP 24"x24" for 2ft side of 2'x4' PLP 11- 8d each end (2 - 5 pattern + 1) All Plywood may be 5/8"or 3/4"

  20. "Marrying" WedgesSloped Surfaces Must Be in Full Contact 1" min. Full Driven Over Driven Under Driven Best O.K. Wrong What if one wedge is upside down? This is NOT RECOMMENDED. It is better to have the cut surfaces together – more friction & better fit

  21. 5 - Nail Patterns Standard 5-Nail 8-Nail 11-Nail 14-Nail

  22. 2x Nailing 2x6 2x4

  23. Use of Gusset Plates in Vertical Shoring • Gussets are placed on one side at post to header for 4x4 & 6x6 headers at the inner posts • At the end posts, the 2x6 diagonal on one side replaces the need for a gusset plate • When headers are deeper than 4", gussets are needed both sides to prevent header roll-over • Gussets should be used on both sides of posts at sole, in order to keep wedges in place • For wood floor/roof support, 1-sided connections may be used, where displacement of shore caused by lateral loads, vibrations, or shifting is unlikely • Gussets may be made from 5/8"or 3/4"plywood • OSB of same thickness may also be used

  24. Shoring Nails – Repeated from previous • For best results, nails should not split the wood • Use Pasload &/or Senco Nail Guns & Palm Nailers • 16d common duplex may only be used in training • Recommended Nails • For Plywood – 8d Common, Coated (.131 x 2.5") • For 2x – 16d Sinkers/Coolers (.148 x 3.25 coated) (same as 12d common nails) • If only have 16d Box nails (.135 x 3.5) – O.K. except add 3-nails in raker cleats • Nail Heads for Nail Guns • Full (offset) heads are preferred • Clip Headed nail are OK for 2x and 5/8", 3/4" Ply • V-cut heads are least desirable – Not Recommended

  25. How to construct Vertical Shores • T-shore • Dbl-T shore • Vertical Shore • Laced Post Shore (LP) • Plywood Laced Post Shores (PLP) • Sloped Floor Shores • Window & Door Shores

  26. The " T" Shore • INITIAL SAFETY SHORE • STANDARD " T " • TEMPORARY SHORING • TYPICAL HEADER LENGTH = 36" • TYPICAL SOLE LENGTH = 24" to 36" • (typical same as header, can be 24" on slab) • MAXIMUM HEIGHT IS 11 ft • Load must be centered on the post or it is UNSTABLE!

  27. Gusset Half Gusset The "T" Shore – Class 1

  28. The Double " T" Shore • INITIAL SAFETY SHORE • DOUBLE " T " • TEMPORARY SHORING • HEADER LENGTH = 36" • MIN. SOLE LENGTH = 36" • POSTS 18" to 24" out to out • Much more stable than "T" • Maximum height is 12 ft

  29. Double Gusset Half Gusset Half Gusset Less than 6 ft High No Mid Height Ply Gusset Half Gusset Half Gusset The Dbl "T" Shore – Class 2 Double Gusset each side Double Gusset one side

  30. Vertical Shore – Class 2 • SUPPORT UNSTABLE FLOORS or ROOFS • POSTS UNDER FLOOR BEAMS • MID-POINT BRACING > 9 ft Ceiling Height (Posts over 8ft plus header & sole) • 3 post type is shown – may be more posts • (2 post type shown following this) • Maximum slope is 6" in 10 ft

  31. Half Gusset Half Gusset Vertical ShoreShort Term & Light Load, with no Lateral Displacement For Light Frame where no displacement due to lateral loads, vibration or load shifting is likely

  32. Half Gusset Half Gusset Half Gusset Vertical Shore Fully connected system Resistant to displacement due to lateral loads, vibration or load shifting

  33. Diagonal Brace Joint -Ideal Condition 4x4 min Header (diag. covers post) Half Gusset far side if header ht. is greater than width 12" 2x6 Diag

  34. 2 Post Vertical Shore – Class 2 • FASTER to BUILD THAN 3 or 4 POST • SAME AS ONE SIDE OF LACED POST • (Can later convert a pair into a Laced Post) • USE LACING or X BRACING • Lacing must be 7'-6" max long so it can resist Tension & Compression • POSTS are 4ft Max. o.c. for 4x4 (5ft for 6x6) • Header is 1" min deep for each 1ft Span

  35. Half Gusset Half Gusset Limit to 6ft High 2 Post Vertical Shores Prefab 2 Posts with Header, Half Gussets & Lacing if Possible Max = 12ft High

  36. Laced Post Shore – Class 3 • STRONGEST, MOST STABLE SHORE WE BUILD. • CAN BE UTILIZED AS A SAFE HAVEN AREA. • USE 4x4 & 6x6 POSTS • 4ft max. spacing for 4x4, and 5ft max for 6x6 • Spacing should be out to out • ONE MID BRACE FROM 6' to 11' HIGH • 2 mid braces from 11' to 17' • 3 mid braces from 17' to 20' (6x6 post systems only) • NO MID POINT BRACE IF UNDER 6' HIGH • 2x4 DIAGONAL BRACES, 3-16d ea. end for 4x4. • 2x6 diagonal braces, 5-16d each end for 6x6.

  37. Half Gusset Half Gusset Laced Post Shore(6ft to 11 feet high – all Half Gussets)

  38. Laced Post Top Joint 4x4 min Header (diag. mostly covers post) Half Gusset far side if header ht. is greater than width 12" 2x4 Diag

  39. Half Gusset Half Gusset Laced Post Shore(over 11 ft high to 17 ft high)

  40. Plywood Laced Post Shore (PLP) • CLASS 3 & SIMILAR to STD LACED POST • LIGHTER & FASTER TO BUILD • CAN BE UTILIZED as a SAFE HAVEN AREA • POSTS ARE SPACED 4'x4' or 2'x4' out to out USING 4x4's & 6x6's (usually 4x4s) • HAVE 2 or 3 LEVELS of PLY'WD BRACES • USE 3 LEVELS for HEIGHTS OVER 13' • MAX. HT. for 4'x4' = 17'; for 2'x4' = 13' • MINIMUM HT is 4', but not practical less than 9ft

  41. 4'x4' Plywood Laced Post Shore (4x4-PLP)(9 ft to 13 ft high) Half Gusset one side at top 8"x48"ply 2'-0" 24"x48"ply 24"x48"ply 24"x48"ply 24"x48"ply 8"x48"ply 2'-0"

  42. 4'x4' Plywood Laced Post Shore (4x4-PLP)(13 ft to 17 ft high – max height) Half Gusset one side at top 2'-0" 2'-0"

  43. 2'x4' Plywood Laced Post Shore (2x4-PLP)(9ft to 13 ft high – max. height) 12"x24" dbl gusset one side at top 8"x48"ply 2'-0" 24"x48"ply 24"x24"ply 24"x48"ply 24"x24"ply 8"x48"ply 2'-0"

  44. Sloped Floor Shore – Class 3 • Must be erected in pairs and cross braced Post spacing is 4ft max. 4x4 (5ft max. for 6x6) • Space shores from 5ft to 8ft apart for 5 ft spacing, cross brace like Laced Posts, more than 5ft, cross brace same as for Raker Shores • Erect Posts "Perpendicular" to the floor, where concrete floors remain attached (Type 2) • Erect Posts Vertical as "Friction System" where floor is not attached, and/or prevented from sliding (Type 3) • Use 2 - 1/2" Pins, (min.) as anchors to concrete • Use 2 - 1" Pins, (min.) as anchors to soil

  45. Sloped Floor Shoresvs. Box Cribbing • Cribbing should be used only if Slope of Floor is less than 30% (3 ft in 10 ft, or approx. 15 degrees) and • If Max. Height of Shore is 4 ft or less

  46. Half Gusset Sloped Floor Shore Perpendicular method (add 3-2x6x18" under each post on soil) Type 2 (Type 1 was omitted)

  47. Type 2 Sloped Floor Shore w/o Wedges

  48. Half Gusset Wedges are Optional Sloped Floor ShoreFriction methodadd 2x6 flat under Sole on Soil) Type 3

  49. Sloped Floor Shore DetailsPost Angle and Return Cuts

  50. 2x6 or 2-2x4 Slope Floor Lacing Shores up to 5 ft o.c.

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