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Adaptive Hypermedia

Adaptive Hypermedia. Dr. Alexandra Cristea a.i.cristea@warwick.ac.uk http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/. 1. Adaptive Hypermedia of the Past, Present and Future. Definitions Why AH? Application areas What to adapt? Adapt to what? How to adapt - past? Obstacles AH New solutions.

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Adaptive Hypermedia

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  1. Adaptive Hypermedia Dr. Alexandra Cristea a.i.cristea@warwick.ac.uk http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~acristea/

  2. 1. Adaptive Hypermedia of the Past, Present and Future • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions

  3. + presentation m.

  4. What is Adaptive Hypermedia? is more than the Web!! • Hypermedia • different media types used in a single application (text, images, sound, video, …) • non-linear structure with navigation through hyper-links • Adaptive • application forms a model of the context in which it is used (user, place, time, device, etc.) • application adapts to that context (can show different information, different media, different links, etc.) • adaptation and user/ presentation modeling interact with each other (or else we say the application is adaptable, not adaptive)

  5. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions

  6. The need for personalization

  7. Why AH? • Problems with hypermedia applications: • information overload: no time or interest to process all • excessive navigational freedom: “lost in hyperspace”which links arerelevant (for this user) ? • comprehension: order (a.o.) may be relevant:what has the user seenbefore when reaching a certain node? • presentation: what fits the user’s screen?how much network bandwidth andprocessing power is available?

  8. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions

  9. Application areas AH • Areas • Education • Commerce • Government • others • Adaptation types • Adaptive Help • Adaptive Search • Expert systems – AI • others

  10. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions

  11. What can be adapted? – classical views • Adaptive presentation: • change which information is shown • change how that information is shown • Adaptive navigation support: • change which links are shown • change how these links are shown • change the link destinations

  12. Adaptive Presentation

  13. Adaptive Navigation Support

  14. Example from 2L690 • Before reading about Xanadu the URL page shows: • …In Xanadu (a fully distributed hypertext system, developed by Ted Nelson at Brown University, from 1965 on) there was only one protocol, so that part could be missing.… • After reading about Xanadu this becomes: • …In Xanadu there was only one protocol, so that part could be missing.…

  15. ISIS Tutor with Link Annotation The wrong example:

  16. Example from Interbook 4 3 2 √ 1 1. Concept role 2. Current concept state 3. Current section state 4. Linked sections state

  17. TV Scout: What’s on Tonight?

  18. TV Scout: Forms and Graphical Interface

  19. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions

  20. Adapt to what? • User  user model (UM) • Goals  goal model (GM) • Domain  domain model (DM) • Environment  presentation model (PM)

  21. User modelling is always about guessing …

  22. Classical User Model: Overlay UM • user’s knowledge = subset of expert’s knowledge • goal of tutoring: to enlarge this subset. • This model is particularly appropriate when the (teaching) material can be represented as a prerequisite hierarchy.

  23. Adapt to what (else)? • Knowledge about the subject domain (and possibly also knowledge about the system) • Preferences • Interests • Learning or cognitive styles • Background: profession, language, prospect, capabilities, experience, age • Navigation history

  24. User model population (initialization) ex. overlay free Concept1 Knowledge: 0 Learning style: unknown Interest: 50 Age group: 10 years Concept2 Knowledge: 10 Concept3 Knowledge: 20

  25. Adapt to what? • User  user model (UM) • Goals  goal model (GM) • Domain  domain model (DM) • Environment  presentation model (PM)

  26. Adapt to what? • Goal • (initial) purpose of the hypermedia • answer to question • “Why should the user use the hypermedia system and what could the user actually achieve?” • Goals can be local or global. • Local goals may changed quite often. For example, the problem-solving goal is a local one, which changes from one educational problem to another several times within a session. • Global goal can be the pedagogical / commercial goal.

  27. Adapt to what? • User  user model (UM) • Goals  goal model (GM) • Domain  domain model (DM) • Environment  presentation model (PM)

  28. Adapt to what? Domain model properties Adapt to

  29. Adapt to what? • User  user model (UM) • Goals  goal model (GM) • Domain  domain model (DM) • Environment  presentation model (PM)

  30. Adapt to what? • Context / environment • aspects of the user’s environment, like browsing device, window size, network bandwidth, processing power, quality of service, etc.

  31. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt? • Obstacles AH • New solutions

  32. Adaptation model • How do the previous models interact (schematic model) • The only dynamic part of the model • Traditionally, a set of rules

  33. Classic loop (Brusilovsky, ‘01) ++ / Presentation Model

  34. Adaptive vs. adaptable personalized adaptive adaptable System-tuned User-tuned

  35. Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI’2000

  36. A Comparison between Adaptive and Adaptable Systems Gerhard Fischer 1 HFA Lecture, OZCHI’2000

  37. Index • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • Obstacles AH • New solutions

  38. Bit contains text, MM or link New, dynamic view of AH text Bits & pieces link • Generation: • only text • only link • text & link text link text link

  39. Solutions in short • Standardization • Authoring • Openness New theoretical frameworks needed! New implementations!

  40. Concluding Adaptive Hypermedia of Past, Present & Future • Definitions • Why AH? • Application areas • What to adapt? • Adapt to what? • How to adapt - past? • (some) New solutions

  41. IAS and its Projects • http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/research/ias/

  42. Reading: • read chapters 'The Adaptive Web': • Adaptive Content Presentation, • Adaptive Navigation Support, • Open Corpus AEH, • Privacy-Enhanced Web Personalization, • Usability Engineering for Adaptive Web • See webpage for more • From: http://www.springerlink.com/content/x646782t122p/

  43. Any questions?

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