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NOVÁ ENERGETIKÁ STRATEGIE EU A CR

NOVÁ ENERGETIKÁ STRATEGIE EU A CR. Ministério de. Minas e Energia. Brazilská Energetická Politika a Ekologie. José Carlos de Miranda Farias Director for Electricity Studies of Energy Research Enterprise - EPE Ministry of Mines and Energy - MME / Brazil. Brazilian Energy Sector.

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NOVÁ ENERGETIKÁ STRATEGIE EU A CR

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  1. NOVÁ ENERGETIKÁ STRATEGIE EU A CR Ministério de Minas e Energia Brazilská Energetická Politika a Ekologie José Carlos de Miranda Farias Director for Electricity Studies of Energy Research Enterprise - EPE Ministry of Mines and Energy - MME / Brazil

  2. Brazilian Energy Sector 2006 Domestic Energy Supply Structure Total: 230 millions of toe Biomass Oil and by-products Hydraulic andElectricity Coal Natural Gas Uranium Renewables:44,9 %

  3. ton CO2 / toe World OECD Countries Brazil Brazilian Energy Sector Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions

  4. BRAZILIAN ENERGY POLICY Law 9.478/97 (art. 1º) • Targets • Protect consumers’interests in relation to access, prices, quality, security, and product offers • Protect the environment and promote energy efficiency • Use renewable energy sources, by means of economic exploitation of available insumes and applied technologies • Promote free competition • Attract investments and enlarge the competitiveness in the country

  5. Electrical System General Characteristics Belém São Luís Fortaleza Tocantins Natal Teresina Parnaíba Recife Maceió São Francisco Aracajú Salvador Cuiabá Brasília Goiânia Paranaíba Belo Horizonte Campo Grande Grande Vitória Paraná/Tietê Paraíba do Sul Paranapanema Rio de Janeiro São Paulo Itaipu Iguaçu Curitiba Uruguai Argentina Florianópolis Jacui Porto Alegre • Installed Cap. = 98,530 MW • Hydroelectric = 73,559 MW – 74.7% • Thermal = 22,964 MW – 23.4% • Nuclear = 2,007 MW – 1.9% João Pessoa • Consumption Units = 57,45 million (Energy Production = 418,2 TWh/y (55% of South America) • Peak Load = 61,780 MW (United Kingdom or Italy) • Generation: 85% Public owned 15% Private owned • Transmission: 43utilities (80% private) • Distribution: 64 utilities (80% private) Surface area: 8.5 million km² (= continental USA + 1/2 Alaska) Source: EPE 2007

  6. BrazilianPower Grid Operation INTEGRATED AND COORDINATED OPERATION

  7. Year kWh / hab 1980 941 1990 1.449 2000 1.830 2004 1.909 Per Capita Power Consumption kWh/hab Date - 2004. Data Source: IEA, 2006

  8. National Power Grid National Interconnected System 4,000 km Stand-alone Systems Existing System LT 230 kV : 36.104 km LT 345 kV : 8.973 km LT 440 kV : 6.791 km LT 500 kV : 29.222 km LT 600 kV : 1.612 km LT 750 kV : 2.698 km Total : 85.400 km Source: EPE (2007)

  9. National Power Grid 4.000 km

  10. 2006 Domestic Electricity Supply Structure Coal Total: 460 TWh Biomass and other renewables (*) Oil and by-products 1.6% Natural Gas 2.5% 4.2% 4.0% Nuclear Importation 3.0% 8.8% Hydraulic Hydraulic 75.9% (*) mainly generation from bagasse-based cogeneration Source: Brazilian Energy Balance, EPE, 2007 Brazilian Energy Sector Renewables: 80,1%

  11. World Hydro-Power Resources Congo 1 Indonésia 4 Peru 6 Russia 11 China 16 Colombia 18 India 21 Brazil 26 % of the thecnical hydro resources* Canada 37 Italy 45 Sweden 55 USA 60 Norway 61 Japan 64 Germany 83 France 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Source: EPE 2006 • Based on World Energy Council - 1992. • Brazil - 2002. • 3. Those countries have 2/3 of the developed world hydro-power resources

  12. Reflexões sobre a Expansão Hidroelétrica environments Ocupação da Amazônia Mapa ilustrativo Fonte: MMA (fev/05)

  13. Bioma Amazônico – Áreas Ocupadas

  14. Potential Power Source (MW) Hydropower 180.000 * Biomass 9.000 Wind Power 140.000 Small Hydro 14.000 Nuclear 20.000 28.000 Coal Imported Coal - Imported Natural Gas - Fuel Oil - Brazilian Power Sources *Remaining Potential

  15. The Present Law Law 10848/2004 Establishes the obligation for power distribution utilities to fully meet their forecasted loads by means of purchasing power either from public power auctions or from Distributed Generators.

  16. Highlights of the Model • All consumers must be 100% covered by energy • contracts • All contracts must be backed up by physical • production capacity (security of supply) • Consumers above 3 MW are free to sign bilateral • energy contracts with generators

  17. A-5 A-4 A-3 A-2 A-1 A Power Auctions Power Purchase Agreement from New Plants Law 10.848/2002 Auctions of “A-5” and “A-3” PPA with a term of 15 to 35 years Purchase in “A-3” limited to 2% of the load from “A-5” Purchase in “A-5” Hydro Plant Paulo Afonso/Bahia

  18. Belém São Luís Fortaleza Natal Teresina João Pessoa Recife Maceió Aracajú Salvador Cuiabá Brasília Goiânia Belo Horizonte Campo Grande Vitória Rio de Janeiro São Paulo Curitiba Florianópolis Porto Alegre BILATERAL CONTRACTS Power Auctions PPA

  19. Power Auctions Environmental Requirements Decree 5.163/2004 Art.20: The power auction proclamation shall be prepared …, taking into account the MME directives, and shall contain: a) - the Environmental Assessment Report (EIA) and the Environmental Impact Analysis Report (RIMA) ; b) - the Environmental Advance License (LP).

  20. Power Auctions – Main Results

  21. 2007 A-3 Auction - Applicants

  22. The Brazilian Energy Sector Sugarcane and ethanol in Brazil 1532 Martim Afonso de Souzaintroduces sugarcane in Brazil 1925 First ethanol vehicle tested in Brazil PROALCOOL 1975 Created the Brazilian Ethanol Program

  23. The Brazilian Energy Sector Stages of Brazilian Ethanol Program

  24. The Brazilian Energy Sector Stages of Brazilian Ethanol Program Current phase • Crude oil international prices higher • Flex fuel vehicles • first flex fuel vehicles in 2003 • currently, flex fuel represent 75% of cars selling • Electricity from bagasse-based cogeneration became competitive • New technological advances in progress • in order to increase productivity and ethanol production • Current Brazilian alcohol production: 17.8 billions liters • Current Brazilian sugar production: 30.9 millions ton 2006

  25. Ethanol Vehicles Sugar Food industry Electricity Cogeneration Steam Paper & cellulose Bagasse SUGARCANE Food for animals Ethanol Vehicles Fertilizer Biogas (boilers) Biodigestion Vinasse Methane (vehicles) Food for animals Electricity Straw Cogeneration Steam Why biomass from sugarcane is an effective alternative Sugarcane and by-products can provide both cleaner fuel and electricity

  26. Technology developed • Ethanol • biodiesel • cogeneration from bagasse • other uses • Low production cost Country/Region Ethanol ProductionCost (US$/liter) Brazil 0.22-0.28 United States 0.30-0.35 European Union 0.45-0.55 Sources: Henniges, O.;Zeddies, J.: Fuel Ethanol Production in the USA and Germany – a cost comparison,F.O. Lichts World Ethanol and Biofuels Report, vol 1, nº 11, 11/02/2003. Profile of Brazilian sugarcane sector Brazil has a great potential to bioenergy (biofuel and bioelectricity) • Favorable geographic andnatural conditions • land quantity available toagriculture • soil characteristics • privileged climate conditions(sun, rain and etc.)

  27. Productivity (m3/ha/year) p > 30 12 < p < 30 6 < p < 12 p < 6 Profile of Brazilian sugarcane sector Brazil has a great potential to bioenergy (biofuel and bioelectricity) Source: VCP apud Silvestrin, 2005 in reuniões temáticas na EPE

  28. 2008 to 2012 2005 to 2007 2013 Forward (Government may bring the aim forward to 2010) 2% 2% 5% Authorized Mandatory Mandatory Potencial Market840 millions liters/year Firm Market 1 billion liters/year Firm Market 2.4 billion liters/year The Brazilian Biodiesel Production and Use Program Stages of Brazilian Biodiesel Program • Law n º 11,097/05 Set the mandatory blending of biodiesel with mineral diesel and regulate the insertion of the new fuel in the market.

  29. The Brazilian Biodiesel Production and Use Program Production Capacity Authorized is higher than mandatory demand expected to 2008 Production Capacity billion liters/year source: ANP , 2007

  30. Five Biodiesel Auctions 1º 23/11 2005 2º 30/03 2006 3º 11/07 2006 4º 11/07 2006 5° 14/02 2007 Total Units 8 12 6 25 - Volume Offered (106 liters) 92.5 315.5 125.4 1,145. - Volume Sold (m3) 70 170 50 550 45 Medium Sale Price (US$/m3) 875 854 806 802 855 Total 885 million liters 2007&2008 – Two New Auctions more 150 million liters The Brazilian Biodiesel Production and Use Program National Petroleum, Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP) Auctions Source: MME e ANP , 2006

  31. To supply energy, at fair prices, to develop the country, following the principles of sustainable growth. Brazilian Challenger

  32. Empresa de Pesquisa Energética - EPE Av. Rio Branco, 1 - 11º floor Centro Rio de Janeiro RJ CEP 20090-003 Tel.: +55 (21) 3512-3100 www.epe.gov.br miranda.farias@epe.gov.br Děkuji, že jste mě poslouchali

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