TRANSFORMING A PAINT FACTORY TO PLAYING FIELDS

1. TRANSFORMING A PAINT FACTORY TO PLAYING FIELDS Presented By: Thomas Holden Haley & Aldrich, San Diego, CA Coauthors: Deborah Gevalt Mark Haley Haley & Aldrich, Boston, MA Barry Monahan Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA A CASE STUDY

2. Outline • Project vision • Site history • Nature and extent of contamination • Remediation activities • Completed athletic complex • Remediation and construction costs • Lessons learned and conclusions • Questions

3. Project Vision

4. Pre-Construction Conditions PROPOSED SITE CAMPUS RECLAIM 30+ ACRES Pre-remediation photo May 2001

5. Project Vision Physical 3-D model Fencing and warning signs • Reclaim and reuse land consistent with Master Plan • Construct an NCAA-caliber athletic complex to attract students • Create additional educational opportunities • Mitigate existing liability and risks

6. Site History

7. Historical Site UsageHenry Wood’s Sons Paint Factory 1848 to 1928 Dam and remnant foundation, prior to remediation Paint factory engraving

8. On-Site Paint Pigment Manufacturing Red Lead Pb3O4 Red (Minium) Chrome Yellow PbCrO4 Yellow (Lead Chromate) Prussian Marseilles Green Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 Blue Blue (Ferric Ferrocyanide) Common Chemical Color Name Formula Residential Buildings Red Bldg Lead Melting Storage Building Manufacturing Building Yellow Building Numerous other colors and shades were discovered at the former paint factory 1920 Sanborn map

9. Paint Factory Demolition (photo circa 1935) FORMER PAINT FACTORY LAKE WABAN CAMPUS

10. Pre-construction Site Conditions (2001)

11. Nature and Extent of Contamination

12. Characterization Elements • Multiple sources of contamination • Primary contaminants of concern: • Heavy metals and cyanide in soil • Hexavalent chromium in groundwater • Innovative approaches to: • Develop alternative exploration and analytical techniques • Differentiate leachability potentials • Develop conceptual site model

13. Impacted Areas (22± acres)(Excluding Remainder of Lake Waban)

14. Pigment-Impacted Soil

15. Innovative Approaches Calcium Chromium Scanning electron microscope Typical calcium chromate EDX Lead Chromium Lead Typical lead chromate EDX Magnified image of soil particles • Negotiation and use of Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) • Application of Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM/EDX) to differentiate chromium compounds • Leachable (calcium/potassium chromate) • Non-Leachable (lead chromate) • Calcium chromate is ~3 million times more soluble than lead chromate

16. Innovative Approaches (Cont.) Groundwater profiling to define plume and sources • Detailed groundwater profiling program to define the location and limits of source material • Bench-scale treatability studies to evaluate chemical reduction of CrVI • Calcium polysulfide • Ferrous sulfate • others

17. Remediation Activities

18. Primary Contaminants of Concern and Remediation Goals Soil Remedial Goal (mg/kg) Max Soil/Sed. Conc. (mg/kg) 400 Lead 220,000 200 Chromium, Hexavalent 31,700 8,635 Chromium, Total 110,000 200 Cyanide 1,300 Treatment Goal: Chromium, Hexavalent 200 mg/kg 1.0 mg/l SPLP

19. Treat 30,000 cy of leachable CrVI contaminated soils (15% of total volume) Dredge 6,500 cy from Lake Waban Remedial Solution Remediation of additional impact areas discovered Surface water diversion (10 sq. mile watershed) Cofferdam installation Remove contaminated sediment from Paintshop Pond in the dry Consolidation area construction Excavate and consolidate 200,000 cy of contaminated soils Five-Acre engineered barrier (cap) over contaminated soils

20. Remediation and Construction Costs

21. Cost Summary

22. Completed Athletic Complex … an Extreme Makeover

23. Completed Project (October 2002) CAP TREATMENT AREA DAM RESTORATION WETLAND REPLACEMENT

24. Views of Lake Waban Before remediation After remediation

25. Project Benefits • Reclaimed 30 acres of the campus that was restricted from use due to exposure to contaminants • Developed athletic fields, open space, and wetland habitat for use by the College and surrounding community • Irrigation of fields from on-site surface water source • Restoration of historic mill dam • Created 7.35 acres of wetland replacement including a boardwalk within the area being utilized today as a learning environment by the College Restored wetland habitat, October 2003 Restored mill dam structure

26. Lessons Learned and Conclusions … there were many

27. Lessons Learned and Conclusions • On-site remedy combined with suitable land use and control resulted in cost effective solution • Successful dust control • Treatment rates impacted more by physical than chemical constraints • Contingency planning for discovery of additional contaminated material necessary

28. Lessons Learned and Conclusions(Cont.) • Combination of SEM-EDX, SPLP, and CrVI analyses were useful tools for conceptual site model development and delineating leachable CrVI • Field XRF and other on-site mobile lab analyses useful in guiding remediation • Groundwater has dramatically improved • Beware of the snapping turtles!

29. Questions