RISK ASSESSMENT A presentation by David Craft Business Development Manager Suppliers Support Schemes Safety, Health

1. RISK ASSESSMENTA presentation byDavid CraftBusiness Development ManagerSuppliers SupportScheme's Safety, Health and Environment Seminar.  The need to assess the risks associated with construction work arises from the requirements of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 [MHSW]. SP-01 sets out the guidelines on how the Company evaluates the risks associated with our work, and how risk assessments are to be undertaken. Further guidance and generic risk assessments will be issued to all site agents on the �Nuttall Guidance Manual [loaded by ASO onto their PC]The need to assess the risks associated with construction work arises from the requirements of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 [MHSW]. SP-01 sets out the guidelines on how the Company evaluates the risks associated with our work, and how risk assessments are to be undertaken. Further guidance and generic risk assessments will be issued to all site agents on the �Nuttall Guidance Manual [loaded by ASO onto their PC]

2. RISK ASSESSMENT The need to assess the risks associated with construction work arises from the requirements of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 [MHSW]. SP-01 sets out the guidelines on how the Company evaluates the risks associated with our work, and how risk assessments are to be undertaken. Further guidance and generic risk assessments will be issued to all site agents on the �Nuttall Guidance Manual [loaded by ASO onto their PC]The need to assess the risks associated with construction work arises from the requirements of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 [MHSW]. SP-01 sets out the guidelines on how the Company evaluates the risks associated with our work, and how risk assessments are to be undertaken. Further guidance and generic risk assessments will be issued to all site agents on the �Nuttall Guidance Manual [loaded by ASO onto their PC]

3. RISK ASSESSMENT The need to assess the risks associated with construction work arises from the requirements of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 [MHSW]. SP-01 sets out the guidelines on how the Company evaluates the risks associated with our work, and how risk assessments are to be undertaken. Further guidance and generic risk assessments will be issued to all site agents on the �Nuttall Guidance Manual [loaded by ASO onto their PC]The need to assess the risks associated with construction work arises from the requirements of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 [MHSW]. SP-01 sets out the guidelines on how the Company evaluates the risks associated with our work, and how risk assessments are to be undertaken. Further guidance and generic risk assessments will be issued to all site agents on the �Nuttall Guidance Manual [loaded by ASO onto their PC]

4. References Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 L21 Management of health and safety at work, ACoP and guidance, paragraphs 9 to 31. Construction Safety Manual, OB3 and 4. GE700 Construction Site Safety, Module 42 part 2. Nuttall safety procedure SP01 Nuttall guidance SG01

5. Legal requirement of MHSWR 1999 Reg 3 - �Suitable and sufficient� assessment of the risks presented by work activities Reg 3[6] - Significant findings recorded where there are five or more employees Reg 5 - recording of the arrangements for planning, organisation, control, monitoring and review of the preventive and protective measures

6. Definitions Hazard - Something with the potential to cause harm: Substances or machines Methods of work Other aspects of work organisation Harm - physical injury or ill-health suffered by those exposed to the hazard. Risk -Likelihood that the harm from a particular hazard is realised

7. General principles of risk management Avoid the risks Evaluate the risks that cannot be avoided Combat risks at source Adapt the work to the individual Adapting to technical progress avoid the risks; do job another way e.g. top down construction of a bridge slab to minimise work at height evaluate the risks that cannot be avoided; e.g. safe working platforms if work at height cant be avoided combat risks at source; design in safety e.g. slip resistant steps adapt the work to the individual e.g. design of workplaces, the choice of work equipment and the choice of working and production methods adapting to technical progress; e.g. peckers instead of hand held breakers avoid the risks; do job another way e.g. top down construction of a bridge slab to minimise work at height evaluate the risks that cannot be avoided; e.g. safe working platforms if work at height cant be avoided combat risks at source; design in safety e.g. slip resistant steps adapt the work to the individual e.g. design of workplaces, the choice of work equipment and the choice of working and production methods adapting to technical progress; e.g. peckers instead of hand held breakers

8. General principles [continued] Replacing the dangerous by the non-dangerous or less dangerous Develop a coherent overall prevention strategy Give collective protective measures priority Give appropriate instruction to employees replacing the dangerous by the non-dangerous or less dangerous; e.g. water based adhesives instead of solvent based developing a coherent overall prevention strategy; which covers technology, organisation of work, working conditions, social relationships and the influence of factors relating to the working environment; e.g. SSWs, procedures, method statements, emergency arrangements etc giving collective protective measures priority over individual protective measures; e.g. full edge protection for all rather than lanyards and harnesses for individuals giving appropriate instruction to employees e.g. Pre task safety briefings, toolbox talks, training in CAT & genny / abrasives wheels etc.. replacing the dangerous by the non-dangerous or less dangerous; e.g. water based adhesives instead of solvent based developing a coherent overall prevention strategy; which covers technology, organisation of work, working conditions, social relationships and the influence of factors relating to the working environment; e.g. SSWs, procedures, method statements, emergency arrangements etc giving collective protective measures priority over individual protective measures; e.g. full edge protection for all rather than lanyards and harnesses for individuals giving appropriate instruction to employees e.g. Pre task safety briefings, toolbox talks, training in CAT & genny / abrasives wheels etc..

9. Responsibility Process is initiated by the agent Competent staff delegated to prepare risk assessments Each risk assessment must be approved and signed by the agent The agent is responsible for ensuring that risk assessments are regularly reviewed Author briefs workforce on content The risk assessment process is initiated by the agent. He is actively involved in every step of the assessment and calls on support, when needed, from the Nuttall safety, plant or design departments. The responsibility for preparing risk assessments may be delegated to competent staff. However, each risk assessment is approved by signature of the agent. The agent is responsible for ensuring that the author of the risk assessment carries out reviews and records these at the defined frequency. This review includes comments from those undertaking the work. The content of every risk assessment or method statement is communicated to those involved by the author. This procedure is authorised by the company safety officer for use by issue of the document and listing in the index of safety procedures. The risk assessment process is initiated by the agent. He is actively involved in every step of the assessment and calls on support, when needed, from the Nuttall safety, plant or design departments. The responsibility for preparing risk assessments may be delegated to competent staff. However, each risk assessment is approved by signature of the agent. The agent is responsible for ensuring that the author of the risk assessment carries out reviews and records these at the defined frequency. This review includes comments from those undertaking the work. The content of every risk assessment or method statement is communicated to those involved by the author. This procedure is authorised by the company safety officer for use by issue of the document and listing in the index of safety procedures.

10. Five steps to risk assessment 1 - Look for the hazard 2 - Decide who might be harmed and how 3 - Evaluate the risk and decide whether existing precautions are adequate 4 - Record the findings 5 - Review the assessment and revise if necessary Risk assessment begins with the identification of work activities to be carried out on site. The first source of information for this purpose is the contract requirements. All tasks are then systematically identified by the agent and assessed � the decision as to whether a task poses a significant risk cannot be made without assessment. Risk assessment begins with the identification of work activities to be carried out on site. The first source of information for this purpose is the contract requirements. All tasks are then systematically identified by the agent and assessed � the decision as to whether a task poses a significant risk cannot be made without assessment.

11. 1 - Look for the hazard Excavation work hazards: Collapse of excavation Oxygen deficiency Toxic or flammable gas Underground services � gas, electricity or water Falling materials or plant Falls of persons Ingress of water Weakening of adjacent structures Noise Biological [e.g. leptospirosis] Looking for and identifying hazards: Failure to wear eye protection using a grinder is not hazard. It is a failure of a control measure. The hazard is using abrasive wheels Is a damaged extension lead a hazard? It exposes the hazard [electricity] and is therefore a dangerous condition Be careful when identifying hazards or you could waste time writing lists of unsafe conditions and control measure failures Looking for and identifying hazards: Failure to wear eye protection using a grinder is not hazard. It is a failure of a control measure. The hazard is using abrasive wheels Is a damaged extension lead a hazard? It exposes the hazard [electricity] and is therefore a dangerous condition Be careful when identifying hazards or you could waste time writing lists of unsafe conditions and control measure failures

12. 2 - Decide who might be harmed and how Who: Operatives involved in operation Maintenance & cleaning workers Contractors Visitors to workplace Passers-by and members of the public How [excavation]: Crush injury Asphyxiation Burns due to fire or explosion Electrocution Drowning Operatives, maintenance and cleaning workers and contractors involved in the activity and other employees in the workplace could include the following: skilled operatives, trainees, new workers, young workers , pregnant workers, workers with health problems, lone workers, shift workers, part time etc.. Passers-by and members of the public may include: adults, children, blind persons, disabled persons, persons with prams, those from nearby schools, those from nearby hospitals, trespassers. Operatives, maintenance and cleaning workers and contractors involved in the activity and other employees in the workplace could include the following: skilled operatives, trainees, new workers, young workers , pregnant workers, workers with health problems, lone workers, shift workers, part time etc.. Passers-by and members of the public may include: adults, children, blind persons, disabled persons, persons with prams, those from nearby schools, those from nearby hospitals, trespassers.

13. 3 - Evaluate the risk Severity of injury: High - death, serious injury/damage to health Medium - injury/damage to health requiring time off work Low - minor injury/damage to health Likelihood of hazard being realised: High - very likely Medium - possible Low - unlikely Risk rating - Severity x Likelihood [H x M = H] Severity Factors affecting severity of risk include: numbers of people that may be affected level of energy, eg voltage, pressure, heat, noise concentration, eg full strength or diluted acid toxicity of a substance (if the hazard is a substance) A hazard can have varying levels of severity. For example, the severity of harm as a result of an electrical hazard can vary with the voltage. The severity of harm from a fall can vary with the height fallen. Likelihood Factors affecting the likelihood of harm include: numbers exposed to a hazard frequency of exposure, ie how often the task featuring the hazard is performed length of exposure type of persons exposed (as discussed in session 3) environment measures provided to control the hazard. Severity Factors affecting severity of risk include: numbers of people that may be affected level of energy, eg voltage, pressure, heat, noise concentration, eg full strength or diluted acid toxicity of a substance (if the hazard is a substance) A hazard can have varying levels of severity. For example, the severity of harm as a result of an electrical hazard can vary with the voltage. The severity of harm from a fall can vary with the height fallen. Likelihood Factors affecting the likelihood of harm include: numbers exposed to a hazard frequency of exposure, ie how often the task featuring the hazard is performed length of exposure type of persons exposed (as discussed in session 3) environment measures provided to control the hazard.

14. 3 - Decide whether existing precautions are adequate If inadequate apply control measures to reduce the residual risk to an acceptable level Use past experience, brainstorming, SG01 Implement new / additional controls measures following the hazard and risk control strategy: Safe place Safe person additional assessments Additional assessments that may be required are listed eg noise, COSHH, PPE, manual handling, asbestos or lead. training This includes information and instruction. Include any specific training requirements eg CPCS/CSCS card and appointed/authorised persons. personal protective equipment Appropriate PPE is listed. It may be necessary to refer to additional assessments. emergency procedures Emergency procedures specific to the element of work are identified. other items For complex or high risk elements of work a method statement will be required. The method statement is cross referenced here.additional assessments Additional assessments that may be required are listed eg noise, COSHH, PPE, manual handling, asbestos or lead. training This includes information and instruction. Include any specific training requirements eg CPCS/CSCS card and appointed/authorised persons. personal protective equipment Appropriate PPE is listed. It may be necessary to refer to additional assessments. emergency procedures Emergency procedures specific to the element of work are identified. other items For complex or high risk elements of work a method statement will be required. The method statement is cross referenced here.

15. Hazard & risk control strategy / hierarchy Prevention: Eliminate Reduce Isolation Control: Controls Personal protective equipment Discipline Eliminate - switch off, do away with process, do away with hazardous article /substance Reduce: by substitution - a safer article or substance e.g. reduced voltage, water based products Isolation - segregate, barriers / fencing, guarding, remote operation, totally or partially enclose Controls: Engineering - silencers, mounts, ducts, LEV, dilution ventilation job design - permit to work, safe system of work, inform, instruct, training, supervision Amount of exposure - job rotation, numbers exposed to OELs and dB(A) Personal protective equipment - last resort, temporary measure, emergency use Discipline - company procedures / rules, self discipline, signs and posters Eliminate - switch off, do away with process, do away with hazardous article /substance Reduce: by substitution - a safer article or substance e.g. reduced voltage, water based products Isolation - segregate, barriers / fencing, guarding, remote operation, totally or partially enclose Controls: Engineering - silencers, mounts, ducts, LEV, dilution ventilation job design - permit to work, safe system of work, inform, instruct, training, supervision Amount of exposure - job rotation, numbers exposed to OELs and dB(A) Personal protective equipment - last resort, temporary measure, emergency use Discipline - company procedures / rules, self discipline, signs and posters

16. Some control measures for excavations Consider methods of work that do not require entry Support materials on site before excavation starts If there is a possibility of underground services being present, the area surveyed using a suitable detection instrument If there could be ventilation problems, a gas monitor used to monitor atmosphere before entry, air movers used to increase ventilation Plant and materials kept away from the side of excavations to prevent undue pressure of ingress of exhaust fumes Excavations suitably illuminated Edge protection installed to prevent falls into excavation The aim of the control measures are to reduce the initial overall risk to an acceptable level; e.g. An unsupported excavation in poor ground conditions is extremely likely to collapse causing major injury, possibly fatal. Therefore risk rating would be H x H = H Put in a suitable support system following a SSW to ensure nobody is in excavation during installation will reduce the risk of collapse down to virtually nil. Therefore residual risk after implementing control measures would be L x L = LThe aim of the control measures are to reduce the initial overall risk to an acceptable level; e.g. An unsupported excavation in poor ground conditions is extremely likely to collapse causing major injury, possibly fatal. Therefore risk rating would be H x H = H Put in a suitable support system following a SSW to ensure nobody is in excavation during installation will reduce the risk of collapse down to virtually nil. Therefore residual risk after implementing control measures would be L x L = L

17. 4 - Record the findings

18. 5 - Review the assessment and revise if necessary Review following: Accident Complaint Change in system, plant or material of the particular activity Change of legislation New information from manufacturer Publication of new guidance List fairly self explanatoryList fairly self explanatory

19. Risk assessment exercise Study the picture and break down the task of mowing the grass into its component tasks, pieces of equipment, substances and write them down in list form 5 minutes Study the picture and break down the task of mowing the grass into its component tasks, pieces of equipment, substances and write them down in list form 5 minutes

20. Component tasks Talk through list Issue next part of exercise and hazard checklist Using the hazard checklist identify the hazards involved in these tasks. 10 minutes Talk through list Issue next part of exercise and hazard checklist Using the hazard checklist identify the hazards involved in these tasks. 10 minutes

21. Component tasks with hazards Talk through and discuss hazards identified on list and compare against their lists Issue next part of exercise Complete the SF103 identifying who could be injured and what control measures should be considered and implemented to allow this operation to be carried out safely 15 minutes Discuss group findings Talk through and discuss hazards identified on list and compare against their lists Issue next part of exercise Complete the SF103 identifying who could be injured and what control measures should be considered and implemented to allow this operation to be carried out safely 15 minutes Discuss group findings