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Thinking Strategies for the Basic Facts. EDN 322. Behaviorist Theory Helpful Procedures. Repetition is important Sequence the content in a series of small steps Learner fatigue decreases the effectiveness of drill
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Behaviorist Theory Helpful Procedures • Repetition is important • Sequence the content in a series of small steps • Learner fatigue decreases the effectiveness of drill • Responses must be elicited from the learner so that correct responses can be rewarded and incorrect ones can be modified
Strategies for Learning the Addition Facts • Commutativity • Adding 0, 1 • Adding Doubles or Near Doubles • Counting on • Adding to 10 and beyond
Strategies for Learning the Subtraction Facts • Using 0 and 1 • Doubles • Counting Back • Counting On
Strategies for Learning the Multiplication Facts • Commutativity • Skip Counting • Repeated Addition • Splitting the Product into Known Parts • Using 0 and 1 • Pattterns
Strategies for Learning the Division Facts • Think Multiplication • Repeated Subtraction
Division – Why is it so difficult? • Computation begins at the left, rather than at the right as for the other operations. • Involves not only basic division facts, but also subtraction and multiplication. • There are a number of steps, but their pattern moves from one spot to another. • Trial quotients must be used and may not be successful at the first or second attempt.
Four Computational Tools • Mental computation • Estimation • Written computation • Calculators
NCTM Principles and Standards Children should select appropriate computational methods from among “mental computation, estimation, calculators, and paper and pencil according to the context and nature of the computation and use the selected method or tool” (NCTM, 2000, p. 148)