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Solid waste disposal

Solid waste disposal. Solid waste. The term "solid wastes" includes garbage (food wastes) rubbish (paper, plastics, wood, metal, throw-away containers, glass) demolition products (bricks, masonry, pipes)

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Solid waste disposal

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  1. Solid waste disposal

  2. Solid waste The term "solid wastes" includes • garbage (food wastes) • rubbish (paper, plastics, wood, metal, throw-away containers, glass) • demolition products (bricks, masonry, pipes) • Sewage treatment residue (sludge and solids from the coarse screening of domestic sewage) • dead animals, manure and other discarded material.

  3. It is a health hazard because: • it decomposes and favors fly breeding • it attracts rodents and vermin • the pathogens which may be present in the solid waste may be conveyed back to man's food through flies and dust • there is a possibility of water and soil pollution, and • heaps of refuse present an unsightly appearance and nuisance from bad odours.

  4. Sources of refuse • Street refuse

  5. Market refuse

  6. Stable litter

  7. lndustrial refuse

  8. The domestic refuse

  9. storage

  10. collection

  11. disposal The principal methods of refuse disposal are :- • Dumping • Controlled tipping or sanitary land-fill • Incineration • Composting • Manure pits • Burial.

  12. dumping A WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE (1967) CONDEMNED DUMPING AS "A MOST INSANITARY METHOD THAT CREATES PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS, A NUISANCE, AND SEVERE POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT".

  13. The drawbacks of open dumping are: • the refuse is exposed to flies and rodents • It is a source of nuisance from the smell and unsightly appearance. • the loose refuse is dispersed by the action of the wind and • drainage from dumps contributes to the pollution of surface and ground water

  14. Controlled tipping Three methods are used in this operation :

  15. TRENCH METHOD • A long trench is dug out • 2 to 3 m (6-10 ft.) deep and 4 to 12 m. (12-36 ft.) wide, depending upon local conditions.

  16. RAMP METHOD

  17. AREA METHOD • Land depressions, disused quarries and clay pits • The refuse is deposited, packed and consolidated in uniform layers up to 2 to 2.5 m (6-8 ft.) deep. • Each layer is sealed on its exposed surface with a mud cover at least 30 cm (12 inches) thick.

  18. incineration Incineration is a high temperature dry oxidation process, that reduces organic and combustible waste to inorganic incombustible matter and results in a very significant reduction of waste-volume and weight. The process is usually selected to treat wastes that cannot be recycled reused or disposed off in a land fill site.

  19. composting • Composting is a method of combined disposal of refuse and nightsoil or sludge.

  20. Bangalore method

  21. Trenches are dug • 90 cm (3 ft.) deep, • 1.5 to 2.5 m (5-8 ft.) broad and • 4.5 to 10 m (15-30 fi.) long

  22. Alternate layers of refuse and night soil are added in the proportion of 15 cm (6 in) and 5 cm (2 in) respectively, till the heap rises to 30 cm (1 ft.) above the ground level.

  23. Mechanical composting

  24. The factors which are controlled in the operation are a certain carbon-nitrogen ratio, temperature, moisture, pH and aeration • The entire process of composting is complete in 4 to 6 weeks.

  25. Manure pits

  26. Burial

  27. A trench 1.5 m wide and 2 m deep is excavated, and at the end of each day the refuse is covered with 20 to 30 cm of earth. When the level in the trench is 40 cm from ground level, the trench is filled with earth and compacted, and a new trench is dug out.

  28. summarize

  29. Thank you

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