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Waste Disposal –

Composition of municipal solid waste in 2011 Breakdown of major components. Waste Disposal –

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Waste Disposal –

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  1. Composition of municipal solid waste in 2011 Breakdown of major components Waste Disposal – A TOTAL OF 13,458 TONS OF WASTE PRODUCED DAILY AND DELIVERED TO LANDFILL !!! EACH PERSON PRODUCED 0.84 KG OF DOMESTIC WASTE AND 1.27 KG OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE PER DAY. THE THREE EXISTING LANDFILL EXPECTED TO BE FULL BY 2015. Solid waste = Municipal Solid Waste + Construction waste + Special waste

  2. Water Crisis – 70.8% OF OUR EARTH’S SURFACE IS COVERED BY WATER. 97% OF THIS WATER IS CONSITUTED OF SALTWATER, ONLY THE REMAINING 3% IS FRESH WATER. 80% OF THE WORLD POPULATION IS FACING WATER CRISIS. APPROXIMATE 1.1 BILLION PEOPE IN THE WORLD LACKED ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER SUPPLY. IF OUR WATER CONSUMPTION HABIT CONTINUE, TWO-THIRD OF THE WORLD POPULATION WILL LIVE IN AREAS WITH MODERATE TO HIGH WATER STRESS BY 2025 EVEN THERE’S NO IMMEDIATE THREAT TO HONG KONG WATER SUPPLIES, WE SHOULD STILL TREASURE OUR WATER RESOURCES WISELY IN A SUSTAINABLE MANNER. WASTE ASPECT – REDUCE AT SOURCE FROM FIGURE 1, FOOD WASTE HAS THE HIGHEST FIGURE IN BOTH DOMESTIC WASTE AND COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL WASTE. CONSIDERING IF PART OF THE DOMESTIC WASTE CAN BE RECYCLED ON-SITE, WHICH IS RECOVERED IN THE SAME PREMISES AS IT IS PRODUCED, THIS MAY REDUCE THE TRANSPORTATION AND LABOR COST AND ALSO EMIT LESS NITROGEN DIOXIDE INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. IN THIS DESIGN STUDY, A MIXED-USED RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL COMPOUND WILL BE CHOSEN TO TRANSFORM INTO A SELF-RECYCLABLE BUILDING. WITH THE INCORPORATION OF INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES, SUCH AS A MICRO ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM TO DIGEST FOOD WASTE INTO FERTILIZER AND PROVIDE RESIDENTS TO FARM IN THEIR UNIT YARD. WATER ASPECT USED WATER AND RAINWATER WILL BE HARVESTED IN A CENTRALIZED STORAGE AND RECYCLED FOR OCCUPANT RE-USED. HARVESTED RAIN WATER CAN BE APPLIED FOR NON-DRINKABLE USES AND AS A COMPOSTING GENERATOR. THE DESIGN WILL INCORPORATE MULTI-PURPOSE FARMS AND COMMON WASHING AREAS FOR OCCUPANTS TO PRODUCE THEIR OWN FOOD AND PRESERVE THE USE OF WATER RESPECTIVELY.

  3. prototype existing information Name of Premises: Westlands Garden Location: Quarry Bay, Hong Kong Site area: Approx. 94, 428 sq. ft. Year of Premises: 37 years Premises description: A typical medium-sized residential and commercial compound consists of six 26-storey towers with two levels of parking lots and 19 restaurants & shops at the street level. Each residential floor consists of 4 units, in total, this compound has 624 residential units. Each unit has 2 bedrooms, 1 Master Bedroom and a maid room. Selected site • Problem • Since this is a 37-year old complex, there is inefficient garbage disposal in each tower, garbage is collected by labour every night on each floor • Lacking of recycle measures or facilities, only small recycling bins are provided and shared by all 6 towers • Restaurants at ground level produces lots of food waste everyday 6 towers having a total of 624 units

  4. design strategies Strategies proposed for the transformation • Waste Aspect • Sorting Municipal solid waste & organic food waste by residences • Centralized garbage disposal • Bio-food waste decomposer - incorporating a micro food waste digester to transform food waste into organic fertilizers • Air purifier at waste disposal facilities • Residence farm – flower and vegetable garden Decomposer Residencefarm Sorting of biodegradable waste by Residences, disposal room incorporated on each floor Centralized waste collection 37 sq. m. Residence farm shared by 2 apartment units Loft apartment 37 sq. m. Residence farm shared by 2 apartment units Centralized garbage disposal Residence farm shared by two families Existing typical floor layout. No central garbage disposal facilities provided. Loft apartment Residence Farm added to be shared by two units

  5. design strategies Water aspects Rainwater harvesting from rooftop • Rainwater harvesting system, also known as water catchment systems, have been historically used to collect water for potable uses, irrigation, laundry and passive cooling. This strategies benefits to reduce the consumption of potable water and lower the water cost. Rainwater can be collected from roof-top drains and bio-retention ponds at podium level. • Greywater recycle system • Radiant cooling from floor slab – helps to reduce energy consumption compare to the conventional air cooling system Rainwater harvest from roof Collect greywater from shower, washing machine or other plumbing fixture for irrigation at Residence Farm & greenery at podium & cleansing purposes Irrigation at Residence farm - Flower & vegetable garden Bioretention pond at podium level Roof-top garden Filtering facilities Storage tanks for rainwater and greywater at basement level Sand filtration will be used to improve water quality for this public use and to minimize the deposition and collection of sediments over time. Tubes embedded in concrete bearing on rigid insulation

  6. Analysis Water Aspect As per report by WSD, the average water consumption of a 4-member family is approx. 520 L per daily. Assume each apartment unit will be occupied by 4 people and will contain 1 kitchen sing, 2 lavatories, 2 water closets, 2 showers and 1 washing machine. Weekly greywater production is estimated as follows. Washing machine (front-loader) – 38 L per load @ 1.5 loads/week/adult Low-flow shower head (per shower) – 80 L/day/person Kitchen sink – 38 L/day/person Showers: 75 L/day/ person = Each unit 300 L/day Kitchen sink: 38 L x 4 = 152 L/day Washing machine: assume 1 load per day = 38 L In total, water consumption from the above fixture and appliances = 490 L This is approximately 95% water saving. Kg/person/day 1.33 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.27 0.92 0.87 0.86 0.87 0.84 0.84 kg x 42.3% = 0.355 kg per person of food waste produced Waste Aspect Hong Kong’s population reached 7 millions 2010. 2,485,000 kg food waste will be produced everyday. If such amount of waste can be decomposed at each source, transportation of waste, labour cost and pollution during transporting process can all be reduced. Every 2 apartments will be sharing a 37 sq. m. Residence farm . In one tower, there is 962 sq. m. Residence farm. If the food waste can be decomposed to organic fertilizer and re-used in the Residence Farm and podium planting, crops that suitable for such growing condition may fulfill a small amount of food necessity for the families resided in the premises. 1 tower 104 units 416 persons Resided in one tower Assume each a family of 4 in each unit According to survey done in 2011, food waste produced by each building per day is as below. (Refer to Sketch 01 for the percentage of food waste produced) 147.68 kg of food waste in one tower

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