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Oxfam UK

Oxfam UK. Satellite Technology in Emergencies. Potential?. Mobilising for an emergency response is often conducted against a background of uncertainties. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding, military action and other events are mostly unpredictable. Time is Lives!

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Oxfam UK

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  1. Oxfam UK Satellite Technology in Emergencies

  2. Potential? • Mobilising for an emergency response is often conducted against a background of uncertainties. • Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding, military action and other events are mostly unpredictable. • Time is Lives! • Timely satellite information could be very important. A same day service might be possible?

  3. University of Surrey ~ UniS • The University builds small satellites via a company known as Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL). SSTL is a commercial organisation under the ownership of the University. • CEHE is a WHO Collaborating Centre and has been pleased to collaborate & research widely with the Relief Agency Community. Brian Clarke is totally non-commercial and attempts to do things at little or no cost to relief agencies.

  4. Experienced Pairing? • SSTL is actually building and launching the first Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) at this time! • CEHE has completed satellite technology linked projects in the past.

  5. Typical CEHE Research Project • Land use assessment in St Lucia carried out using Spot and LandSat images. • Ground truth verification at 40 sites. • Image processing and classification into 15 land use/cover categories. • Objectives included to support catchment protection for sustainable water supply.

  6. Decisions 1 ? • Where? How big? How many? Predicted conditions? Water supply? There are periods in an emergency where time is a critical factor and decision making can only be crudely aimed at saving lives. • Decision making often has to be taken against a background of uncertainties.

  7. Decisions 2? • Can satellite surveillance help at the moment? • Satellite surveillance is a rapidly changing technology, what about the next generation? • What about the Constellation?

  8. Data Processing System SSTL - UniS Data Interpretation System:CEHE - UniS Report to Relief Agencies GIS System?G

  9. Current Micro-satellite Technology • Could spot flooding, earthquakes, volcano eruptions, drought, large scale human activity. • The next generation of satellites will spot small congregations of people. • Very good at determining catchment characteristics. • Skill in data interpretation very important.

  10. Selection of Source Water • Catchment surveillance an important matter. • Recognise the impact of other factors on water treatment and supply. • Never forget the environmental footprint of watsan activities.

  11. Surrey Small Satellites and International Collaboration • SSTL has • built and launched 20 satellites in 20 years • trained 12 nations to design & build their own satellite SURREY SPACE CLUB

  12. Satellites offer global monitoring • Disaster Monitoring • Flood, Drought, Landslide, Tsunami, Earthquake, Volcanoes, Cyclone • Disaster Assessment • Central Government & Insurance Companies • Dynamic Earth Observation (fast changing phenomena) • Oil leakage & pollution, Drug crops, Agriculture, Oil pipelines, Forest, Water • Single satellites provide inadequate revisit times • Constellations have been too financially demanding

  13. EO systems in operation

  14. World-wide efforts on International Global Observing System • Co-ordinating existing satellite resources • ESA & CNES Charter for Disaster Monitoring • CEOS & IGOS • EC GMES • Independent EC study concludes that constellation of low cost small satellites is only viable solution to achieve frequent revisit

  15. First constellation implemented - DMC • Disaster Monitoring Constellation • 5 - 7 satellites • Multispectral imager • 600km swath width • 32m ground sampling distance • Daily revisit • Novel international partnership • Each satellite owned by one nation

  16. Disaster Monitoring Constellation DMC DMC partners • Associate space partner • Turkey • Space partners • Algeria • Nigeria • UK • China • Thailand • Aspiring space partner • Vietnam • Disaster relief partner • Reuters AlertNet • Market evaluation partner • ESYS

  17. UoSAT-12 80x80km tiles DMC Image size • A tile is the smallest unit. • 2500 x 2500 pixels (approx 80 km x 80 km) • Ground size varies slightly dependent on position in swath. • Onboard data storage • Sized for 11 minute downlink • Holds 24 tiles • Scenes of 4 tiles can be targeted • 5 satellites – 400 - 600 image tiles/day approximate scale only

  18. What will the first DMC output be like? UoSAT-12: 32m 4-band (Paraguay) Illegal crops? Deforestation Flooding would show very clearly

  19. Reuters Alertnet – Independent • Independent news agency • The Reuters Trust Principles state: “Reuters is dedicated to preserving its independence, integrity and freedom from bias in the gathering and dissemination of news and information.” • Provide information to Humanitarian Aid Agencies • Coordinating image requests • Extracting information • Add information to images • Deliver via Website • www.alertnet.org Partner Detail

  20. DMC Manufacture Schedule

  21. Follow-on missions Call for participation every three years for low cost small satellite constellations • Earthquake prediction • Higher Resolution Optical Micro- & Mini-satellites • SAR Minisatellites • IR Imaging Minisatellites • Hyper-spectral Microsatellites • LEqO or NEqO Microsatellites • Navigation constellations • Ocean colour • Re-build commercially viable constellations Small nations/organisations play an important role in space

  22. Last Thoughts • The Disaster Monitoring Constellation is going to be launched. It represents a new way. Do we want to talk with the stakeholders? • If we give active support (non-financial) to a CEHE~SSTL bid for research funds it may be possible to use DMC 1 technology to develop a system for data processing and interpretation that gives a timely view of major emergencies.

  23. Last Thoughts 2 • What about DMC 2? • Control over some systems prevent satellite scenes of “Jenin” style emergencies from being available. • The next generation of small satellites will provide a much higher resolution (1-2m?) and could be designed to see through cloud • (via SAR etc.)

  24. Last Thoughts 3 • Should we seek to promote the concept of a Euro-constellation that has only educational, non-commercial and humanitarian applications. • Individual satellites would need to be funded by partner countries?

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