The impact…

1. The impact… Notes: pgs. 32-51

2. The Impact… -Distribute Handout ** -millions of deaths (battle, wounds, starvation, disease, ethnic conflict) -deep psychological scar -introduction of new weapons: poison gas, air bombardment of civilians, powerful armaments -political landscape: collapse of empires -new countries = new political systems -U.S. new emerging power -revolution = Bolsheviks in Russia (challenged status quo)

3. Impact… • Social structure changed: women won the right to vote in many countries, demanded changes • Total War: physical, emotional, impacted all aspects of society and life • Mass media war: propaganda

4. Geo-political • Names you should know: Romanov, Hohenzollern and Hapsburg • These empires collapsed and allowed for new states to emerge • PPC: set this up • Problem: multi-ethnic empires merge into more single-ethnic states…but not totally, concept of ethnic nationalism • New states should have access to: natural resources, trade routes, rivers and oceans, this is a conflict waiting to happen! • Minority clauses within treaties • New states = created vulnerable countries, lacked political and economic stability • Look on page 35, read and discuss

5. Geo-political • Hope that democratic nations would emerge, economic prosperity is key • Economic problems between new countries over trade routes, and mineral rich areas (Poland and Czechoslovakia over Teschen)

6. Economic Impacts… • Treaty of Versailles did not deal with economic questions directly, except reparations • Allied War Debts not addressed = created bad relations = economic instability while trying to pay off loans • Lead to Ruhr Crisis (focus on later) • US refused to cancel debts of Allies - weaken Allied recovery keep demanding reparations from Germany • Ironic: US compelled through the Dawes Plan to help Germany restore economic and political stability after Ruhr Crisis! • Failed to develop and promote international trade which added to impact of The Great Depression

7. ManDates…and girldates • 14 points: wanted an adjustment to colonial claims based on the sovereignty and interests of the populations concerned • Victors cannot just take! • Mandatory System was to “administer” the colonie • Supervised by League of Nations • Given to countries that had conquered them under Article 22of the League Covenant • 3 classes of mandates (A = ready for independence very soon, mostly former Ottoman, B = less advanced, mostly German colonies in Africa, C = whoa, you need some help, German colonies in Pacific handed over to Japan, Australia, New Zealand, SW Africa to South Africa) Let’s look at pg. 41!

8. Do not forget… • This may seem to have emerged at the PPC, but we know better! • Sykes-Picot in 1916 between UK and France already had the Ottoman Empire divided up • Many countries such as Japan violated and essentially controlled territories • HOWEVER, now there was a system of accountability for these powers in control • Most territory surprisingly  j/k went to Britain and France, all of Germany’s were taken, Italians gained nothing (leads to Mussolini’s support for nationalist movement) • Arabs very upset because they helped the British in the war • Balfour Declaration of 1917 also creates controversy in Middle East

9. Paper 1 Question 4… • Everything you wanted to know, but were afraid to ask  • 1. Knowledge and understanding (do you know what you should know) • 2. demonstrates understanding of historical context (get out of your snow globe) • 3. Synthesize and evaluation • 4. Do the above with both historical sources (given) and your background knowledge(your brains…)

10. The basics… • You should allocate 20 minutes for this question (you will have already read the sources) • Make a plan (grids are recommended for this) • Group your sources  put into grid • Sources that support the point assumed in question • Sources that suggest an alternate argument • Only write a brief introduction • Refer to sources directly (source A, B, …) • Quote briefly 2-3 words • Use ALL sources • Brief conclusion

11. Sample planning:

12. Writing Sample • 20 minutes • Use the sources from pg. 38-39 and question 4 • Good Luck!