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Adv Organizational Psychology

Adv Organizational Psychology. Introduction. What is an Organization?. Social arrangements for the controlled performance of collective goals (Buchanan & Huczyeski) The planned coordination of the activities of a number of people for the achievement of some common purpose or goal (Schein)

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Adv Organizational Psychology

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  1. Adv Organizational Psychology Introduction

  2. What is an Organization? • Social arrangements for the controlled performance of collective goals (Buchanan & Huczyeski) • The planned coordination of the activities of a number of people for the achievement of some common purpose or goal (Schein) • A group of individuals who work together toward a common goal (Lewis, Goodman, & Fandt)

  3. Organizational PsychologyDefinition • Study of human behavior in organizations • How it is applied • Uses Scientific method

  4. Personnel Psychology Organizational Development Companion Field Applied uses Organizational Psychology Business school Macro Topics Organizational Behavior Organizational Theory Organizational PsychologyRelated Fields

  5. Industrial Recruitment Selection Placement Compensation Performance appraisal Training Organizational Socialization Motivation Stress Leadership Group performance Org Development I vs O

  6. SCHOOLS OF HISTORICAL THOUGHT AND THEIR COMPONENTS BY DECADE • Org. theory prior to 1900--Emphasized the division of labor and the importance of machinery to facilitate labor • Scientific management (1910s-)--Described management as a science with employers having specific but different responsibilities; encouraged the scientific selection, training, and development of workers and the equal division of work between workers and management • Classical school (1910s- )--Listed the duties of a manager as planning, organizing, commanding employees, coordinating activities, and controlling performance; basic principles called for specialization of work, unity of command, scalar chain of command, and coordination of activities • Human relations (1920s-)--Focused on the importance of the attitudes and feelings of workers; informal roles and norms influenced performance • Classical school revisited (1930s)--Re-emphasized the classical principles • Group dynamics (1940s)--Encouraged individual participation in decision-making; noted the impact of work group on performance • Bureaucracy (1940s)--Emphasized order, system, rationality, uniformity, and consistency in management; lead to equitable treatment for all employees by management

  7. SCHOOLS OF HISTORICAL THOUGHT AND THEIR COMPONENTS BY DECADE • Leadership (1950s)--Stressed the importance of groups having both social task leaders; differentiated between Theory X and Y management • Decision theory (1960s)--Suggested that individuals "satisfice" when they make decisions • Sociotechnical school (1960s)--Called for considering technology and work groups when understanding a work system • Envir. and tech. system (1960s)--Described the existence of mechanistic and organic structures and stated their effectiveness with specific types of environmental conditions and technological types • Systems theory (1970s)--Represented organizations as open systems with inputs, transformations, outputs, and feedback; systems strive for equilibrium and experience equifinality • Contingency theory (1980s)--Emphasized the fit between organization processes and characteristics of the situation; called for fitting the organization's structure to various contingencies

  8. Within Organization Technology Structure Size Climate/Culture History of Organization Decentralization & Participative DM Control Systems Organizational Effectiveness Outside Organization Technology Economy Legal Environment Cultural Setting Competition Scarcity/Abundance of Resources Organizational Concerns

  9. Brief History of I/O • Turn of Century – Industrial Revolution • W. L. Bryan • Frank & Lillian Gilbreth • 1910’s – World War I – Project Alpha • Hugo Munsterberg – Father of I/O • Frederick Taylor – Scientific Management • 1920’s - roaring 20’s • Elton Mayo - Hawthorne Studies • 1940’s – World War II – AGCT • 1950’s – Space Race (human Factors) • Douglas McGregor • Abraham Maslow • 1960’s – Civil Rights Movement (social & behavioral psychology) • Fred Fiedler • Victor Vroom • David Mclelland • 1970’s – Cognitive Psychology • 1980’s – TQM • W. Edwards Deming • 1990’s to present (information age)

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