Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617

1. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region Björn Frostell, Ass. Professor Industrial Ecology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Ola Öberg, Tech. Licentiate, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Susanna Toller, PhD Nat. Resourses Man., KTH and Ecoloop SA Mats Johansson, Degree of M. Sc., Ecoloop SA Henrik C Andersson, Advisory officer of fisheries, County Adm. Board, Stockholm Hans Rudengren, representative of the Fishing Water Owners’ Association in the Stockholm Region More information: Björn Frostell (frostell@kth.se)

2. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Contents 1. Sweden, the Stockholm region and fish supply 2. The project Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm region (HFFS) 3. Results from HFFS1 carried out during 2009 4. Glimpses from the on-going project HFFS2 5. An outlook towards the future

3. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Sweden, the Stockholm region and fish supply

4. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 SWEDEN • Area : 449 000 km2 - 14 % of the EU-15 area • Agricultural land : 35 000 km2 – 8 % of Sweden • Forest area : 240 000 km2 - 53 % of Sweden • Lakes: 100 000 > 1 ha, 38 000 km2 - 8 % of Sweden • Distance, Smygehuk-Treriksröset : 1 572 km • Population: 9,4 million (2010) – 1,9 % of EU-27 (2009) • GDP (2009): 3108 billion SEK = 385 billion USD • GDP per capita (2009): appr 41400 USD/capita • Provinces: 25 • Counties : 21 • Dioceses : 13 • Municipalities : 289 • Municipality with largest population : Stockholm • Municipality with largest land area: Kiruna • Highest mountain : Kebnekaise 2 111 m • Largest lake : Vänern

5. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 The Stockholm County = Stockholm Region Area: 6519 km2 Inhabitants: 2 Million (2009) Population density: 317/km2 (2009) GRP/Capita: ~45000 E (2007)

6. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Stockholm County and natural fish resources Lake Mälaren:1 220 km² 850 other lakes Ca 50 small rivers 50 species 30 freshwater species 220 000 hectares private water Ca 10000 km coast

7. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Stockholm County Fish Supply in 2009 *= Assuming a weekly recommended intake of 300 g per person **= Assuming 100000 sportfishermen catching 20 kg/person*yr Thus: Excluding sportsfishing (which is very uncertain), about 630 tons of fish was of local supply = ~ 2 %

8. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Sweden – Aquaculture poorly developed Aquaculture production in selected Nordic countries 2007 Country Aquaculture, tons/yr 830 000 Norway 31 000 Denmark 5 400 Sweden Source: Eurostat

9. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 The project Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm region (HFFS)

10. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region A cooperation between KTH, Ecoloop and other stakeholders in the Stockholm region, financed by the Stockholm County Environmental Fund Phase 1: HFFS1 November 2008 – June 2009 Phase 2: HFFS2 November 2009 – June 2010 Both projects represent small seed money to build up a stakeholder network and start activities /total budget ~30 kE

11. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Starting points • RUFS: An important regional goal is to strive for a resource efficient Stockholm region with good economic growth and a good living environment. In this is included a sustainable food supply. • Livsmedelsverket recommends a higher consumption of fish – • there are, however, uncertainties on what influence fish supply • influences the environment and economic and social aspects of • development. • Fish supply is a complex issue where different interests stand in • opposition to each other and fish supply is an issue with many • involved actors.

12. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Research questions • How may a sustainable fish supply be created in the Stockholm region? - How sustainable is the fish supply in the Stockholm region? • - Who are the key stakeholders in this area? • Which are the main barriers against a sustainable fish • supply in the Stockholm region? • What activities should be given priority?

13. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Method used: Stakeholder opinion assessment (SOA) - Representatives for different stakeholder groups are selected (authorities, industries, universities and NGO’s) - Phone interviews and questionnaire work is carried out - Processing and analysis of gathered information - Presentation and discussion of preliminary results in a a Workshop with selected stakeholders - Writing of preliminary report sent to all selected stakeholders for consultancy - Finalization of consensus report

14. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Stakeholder participants in SOA - In total 10 representatives for authorities, industries, universities and NGO’s - An equal amount of men and women, age varying from 30-60 years - Knowledge of Sustainable Development (on a scale from 1 = very poor knowledge to 5 = very high knowledge • Ecologic Sustainability: 4,7 • Economic Sustainability: 3,5 • Social Sustainability: 3,3

15. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Results from HFFS1 carried out during 2009

16. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 General aspects of future food consumption and production • Meat consumption should decrease and the consumption • of vegetarian food increase • Fish consumption should increase or decrease depending on • (i) mode of production, (ii) what species is considered and • (iii) where production takes place • There is a great potential to increase fish production in • the Stockholm region and in Sweden • The fish supply issue is important! • Desired priority according to the SOA is 4,6 (1= Not important at all; 5 = Very important)

17. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Sustainability of existing situation • Today’s fish supply in the Stockholm region is not sustainable. • It is possible to achieve a more sustainable fish supply and the • demands for a change will increase • Priorities in a sustainability perspective shown in the SOA are: • (1=to a much lesser extent than today, 5= to a much higher extent than today) • Fish cultivated in Sweden: 4,1 • Fish from Baltic Sea fishing: 3,9 • Fish from Lake Mälaren fishing: 3,9 • Fish cultivated in Northern Europe: 3,4 • Fish from fishing in the Kategatt and Skagerrak: 3,0 • Fish cultivated in other countries: 2,4 • Fish from fishing in Northern Europe: 1,9 • Fish from fishing in other countries: 1,9

18. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Weighing of differentSustainabilityAspects 1 = Totally unimportant 5 = Very important

19. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Other IdentifiedSustainability Aspects • Food prices • Overall Energy use • Competition • Fair profit to the fish producers • Continuous availability of fish • Tax income for the region • Knowledge of where the fish comes from • Small scale fish aquaculture important • from a broader cultural perspective • Functioning harbors important • for leisure boating activities • Noise pollution from boat • traffic in spawning areas

20. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Which are the main stakeholders? Answer: Difficult to say; very many involved – in principle all in the region and also authorities at the national level The County Administration The Regional Planning Office Municipalities Swedish Board of Fisheries The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Scientists Private entrepreneurs and consultants Fish suppliers and food chains NGOs and the Public Regional and national funding agencies

21. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Which are the main barriers against a sustainable fish supply? • Difficulties with permissions, long handling times, unclear permissions • Risks for local environmental problems around the facilities • Too little governmental and other central support • The fodder situation; lack of certified fish food ingredients • Too low average ambient temperature in the Stockholm region • Food traditions • Too few local entrepreneurs; limited knowledge and experience

22. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 What activities should be given priority • Improve the networking between different stakeholders • in the region 2. Improve the governance of wild fish stocks in the region 3. Improve and adapt aquaculture technology to local conditions 4. Start information and education initiatives on fish supply 5. Bring producers and consumers closer together

23. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 General conclusions from HFFS1 A higher degree of local fish supply is desirable, but it is probably not possibleor even desirable to be totally self supported with fish in the Stockholm Region There is a great potential to increase production of fish (wild and cultivated in the region and in Sweden It is important not to restrict the discussion to the issue of local fish production or not, but to focus on the overall sustainability (based on inter alia economy, fishing procedures, fodder production, aquaculture procedures, transport aspects)

24. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Glimpses from the on-going project HFFS2

25. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region 2 HFFS Sustainable Fish Governance Courses HFFS Network Development HFFS2 Market - Trade - Consumers R&D Exhibition PERCID Demo FISHWELFARE Events and meetings Processing and distribution Exhibition Marketing and consumer information Others

26. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 HFFS2, Market – Trade - Consumer

27. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Percid - Development of local and environmentally benign systems for cultivation of pikeperch and pike A proposed cooperation between five SME fish aquaculture activities, KTH and Ecoloop The five SME activities Ljusterö Lax & Gös AB Djursnäs Säteri AB Fiskeriverket, Sötvattenslab F:a Gunilla Jonsson, Söderköping F:a Magnus , Wastesson, Långö

28. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 PERCID – pikeperch and perch – principal project design Hatching and fry production (pikeperch) Cultivation of young fish (pikeperch) Indoor cultivation of food fish (pikeperch) Ljusterö Lax & Gös AB Outdoor cultivation of food fish in bags (pikeperch) Djursnäs Säteri AB Outdoor cultivation of food fish in ponds (pikeperch) Fiskeriverket Sötvattenslab KTH – project coordintation and research FjärilshustetpåHaga – project communication Hatching and fry production (perch) Indoor cultivation of food fish (perch) Cultivation of young fish (perch) F:a Gunilla Jonsson Söderköping Outdoor cultivation of food fish in bags (perch) F:a Magnus Wastesson, Långö Companies – cultivation, sampling, monitoring

29. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 FISHWELFARE – Conceptual Approach A conceptual Life Cycle model of fish aquaculture showing important ecological and sustainability aspects according to the EU Regulation 770/2009, the Swedish KRAV/DEBIO requirements and the common industrial Ecology approach. The figure illustrates the different and only partly covering nature of (i) environmentally driven ecological and ethical regulations such as EU 770/2009 and KRAV/DEBIO on the one hand and (ii) an industrial ecology driven metabolic approach to ecologic sustainability. There is a need for a more comprehensive framework for what should be considered an ecologically sustainable aquaculture in the future.

30. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 An outlook towards the future

31. Sustainable Fish Supply in the Stockholm Region - 100617 Expected future outcomes • A significantly improved stakeholder dialogue and stakeholder interaction • = improved social process for a more sustainable fish supply 2. Start-up of several information and education initiatives to foster the development of more sustainable fish supply 3. Development of technology and practices for a more environmentally friendly fish aquaculture under Swedish conditions (small and medium scale rather closed systems) 4. Creation of new work opportunities for both local farmers and and fishermen as well as for immigrant groups Vision for 2030: a much larger proportion of fish consumption in the Stockholm region is based on locally produced fish (from wild fish catches and local aquaculture)