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Ionic Bonding

Ionic Bonding. Formation of Bond. Electrons are transferred from an atom of low electronegativity to one of high electronegativity Anion (-) and cation (+) formed Opposite charges attract – called an electrostatic force. Formula Unit. Simplest ratio of atoms in an ionic compound

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Ionic Bonding

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  1. Ionic Bonding

  2. Formation of Bond • Electrons are transferred from an atom of low electronegativity to one of high electronegativity • Anion (-) and cation (+) formed • Opposite charges attract – called an electrostatic force

  3. Formula Unit • Simplest ratio of atoms in an ionic compound • Charges combine to form a net of zero • Formulas are not molecules: they do not show exact numbers of atoms just ratios • Another term for an ionic compound is salt

  4. Example • Show how the bond forms in each pair and tell the formula unit Ca and F K and O Al and O

  5. Ions Arrangement • Opposite ions arrange themselves with each positive ion surrounded by negative ions and each negative surrounded by positive ions • Where potential energy is lowest • This arrangement is called a crystal lattice

  6. Lattice Energy • Energy released when one mole of an ionic compound is formed from its ions • Values will always be negative, because energy is released • The larger the negative value for the lattice energy, the stronger the ionic bond in the crystal is

  7. Lattice energy Compound(kJ/mol) NaCl −787.5 NaBr −751.4 CaF2 −2634.7 CaO −3385 LiCl −861.3 LiF −1032 MgO −3760 KCl −715

  8. The notation for sodium chloride, NaCl, stands for one . • Formula unit • Molecule • Crystal • Atom

  9. In a crystal of an ionic compound, each cation is surrounded by a number of . • Molecules • Positive ions • Dipoles • Negative ions

  10. Compared with the neutral atoms involved in the formation of an ionic compound, the crystal lattice that results is . • Higher in potential energy • Lower in potential energy • Equal in potential energy • Unstable

  11. The lattice energy of compound A is greater than that of compound B. What can be concluded from this fact? • Compound A is not an ionic compound • It will be more difficult to break the bonds in compound A than in compound B • Compound B is probably a gas • Compound A has larger crystals than compound B

  12. The forces of attraction between molecules in a molecular compound are . • Stronger than the attractive forces in ionic bonding • Weaker than the attractive forces in ionic bonding • Approximately equal to the attractive forces in ionic bonding • Equal to zero

  13. What type of force holds atoms together in an ionic bond? • Van der Waals • Dipole-dipole • Electrostatic • Hydrogen bonding

  14. What type of bonding holds a polyatomic ion together? • Ionic • Metallic • Covalent • Hydrogen Bonding

  15. Using the table below, which substance is held together by the strongest ionic bond? • NaCl • CaO • KCl • MgO • LiCl

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