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Chromosomal Landscapes

Explore the molecular basis of the genotype-phenotype relationship through DNA replication processes. Learn about semiconservative replication, role of DNA polymerases, and synthesis of new DNA strands. Enhance your knowledge of essential genetic mechanisms.

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Chromosomal Landscapes

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  1. Chromosomal Landscapes Refer to Figure 1-7 from Introduction to Genetic Analysis, Griffiths etal., 2012.

  2. Human Chromosomal Landscapes Refer to Figure 1-8 from Introduction to Genetic Analysis, Griffiths etal., 2012.

  3. Molecular Basis for Relationship between Genotype and Phenotype genotype DNA DNA sequence transcription replication RNA translation amino acid sequence protein function phenotype organism

  4. Replication of DNA is semiconservative. Each strand serves as a template. The two strands separate from each other when hydrogen bonds are broken. Replication of DNA is semiconservative. Each strand serves as a template. The two strands separate from each other when hydrogen bonds are broken. New strands are synthesized by the addition of nucleotides with bases complementary to those of the template. DNA replication is discontinuous. Two identical double helices result. New strands are synthesized by the addition of nucleotides with bases complementary to those of the template. DNA replication is discontinuous. Two identical double helices result. Refer to Figure 7-11 from Introduction to Genetic Analysis, Griffiths etal., 2012.

  5. Refer to Figure 7-12 from Introduction to Genetic Analysis, Griffiths etal., 2012.

  6. DNA polymerization requires DNA polymerase. Refer to Figure 7-15 from Introduction to Genetic Analysis, Griffiths etal., 2012.

  7. DNA Polymerases • At least 5 DNA polymerases are known in E. coli . • DNA polymerase I (pol I): • adds nucleotides in 5’ to 3’ direction • removes mismatched based in 3’ to 5’ direction • degrades double-stranded DNA in 5’ to 3’ direction • DNA polymerase II (pol II): • repairs interstrand cross-links • DNA polymerase III (pol III): • catalyzes DNA synthesis at replication fork in • 5’ to 3’ direction and only adds nucleotides at 3’ end of growing strand

  8. Overview of DNA Synthesis DNA polymerases synthesize new strands in 5’ to 3’ direction. Primase makes RNA primer. Lagging strand DNA consists of Okazaki fragments. In E. coli, pol I fills in gaps in the lagging strand and removes RNA primer. Fragments are joined by DNA ligase.

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