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Modeling Techniques. Concepts of Modeling. Armatures: “framework, a material commonly of pliable metal or wood, employed to provide support for a wax restoration” Analyze Before Modeling Size, Position and Form. Concepts of Modeling (cont’d). Landmarks of Size Measurements in One Direction
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Concepts of Modeling • Armatures: “framework, a material commonly of pliable metal or wood, employed to provide support for a wax restoration” • Analyze Before Modeling • Size, Position and Form
Concepts of Modeling (cont’d) • Landmarks of Size • Measurements in One Direction • Configuration to a Pattern • Rough Modeling
Concepts of Modeling (cont’d) • Smoothing a Wax Surface • Construction of Large Masses • Surface Depressions in Large Masses • Surface Corrections by Additions
Concepts of Modeling (cont’d) • Surface Corrections by Reduction • Modeling by Silhouette • Modeling the Profile • Modeling the Bilateral Form
Applications to RA • 1) make comparisons between features and photographs/remains • 2) similarities in size of features • 3) differences in size relationships • 4) derivations of size and form in absence of photographs
Canon of Beauty Canon of Ugliness
Horizontal Lines • 1) Vertex of the Cranium • 2) Base of the Chin • 3) Line of Eye Closure • 4) Normal Hairline • 5) Eyebrow and Top of the Ear • 6) Base of Nose and Base of Earlobe • 7) Line of Closure of the Lips • 8) Superior Border of the Chin
Vertical Lines • 1) Medial End of Each Closed Eye • 2) Extension from the Medial End of Each Eye to the Wings of the Nose • 3) Lateral Corner of Each Closed Eye • 4) Each Side of the Face as Located on the Photograph • 5) Extension from the Middle of Each Eye to the Corners of the Mouth
Units of Measurement • 1) width of the closed eye • 2) length from the base of the nose to the eyebrow • 3) head-lengths
Proportional Relationships • 1) height of an adult • 2) width of the face • 3) distance from normal hairline to base of chin can be divided into 3 equal distances • 4) distance from base of nose to base of chin can be divided into 3 equal distances
Proportional Rel’ps (cont’d) • 5) top of ear on same horizontal plane as the eyebrows • 6) bottom of ear on same horizontal plane as the base of the nose • 7) line of lip closure lies halfway between base of the nose and top of the chin • 8) eyes are halfway between vertex of cranium and the base of the chin
Proportional Rel’ps (cont’d) • 9) face is 5 eyes wide at zygomatic arches • 10) distance between eyes is 1 eye width • 11) nose is 1 eye width • 12) mouth is 2 eye widths • 13) 4 equal distances: • A) ear passage to ear passage • B) eyebrow to base of the chin • C) tip of nose to ear passage • D) hairline to base of nose
Physiognomical Forms of the Ear • Parts of the Ear: • 1) helix • 2) crus of the helix • 3) antihelix • 4) crura of the antihelix • 5) triangular fossa • 6) scapha
Physiognomical Forms of the Ear (cont’d) • 7) concha • 8) tragus • 9) antitragus • 10) intertragic notch • 11) lobe Form of the Mass of the Ear • anatomical guides
Forms of the Parts of the Ear • Concha • Helix • Antihelix • Scapha • Lobe • Tragus • Antitragus • Intertragic Notch
Methods of Attachment • Basket-weave Suture (Cross Stitch) • Loop Stitch • Bent Wire Armature • Wax Support