FarmSafe Australia Symposium 31 October 2013

1. FarmSafeAustralia Symposium 31 October 2013 Evaluation of Alternative Quad Bike Safety Systems Shane Richardson, Andreas Sandvik, Chris Jones, Tia Orton-Gaffney, Nikola Josevski, Wei Pei (Tandy) Pok and Thomas Emmett

2. Background

3. Background

4. Background Albert Einstein: “Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.”

5. Background • Heads of Workplace Health and Safety “…reasonably practicable for a device to be developed that when fitted to Quad Bike reduces the potential for death and/or serious injury caused by entrapment beneath an overturned vehicle?” Anon. ‘Report of the Technical Engineering Group (TEG) to the Heads of Workplace Health and Safety Authorities (HWSA)’, Trans Tasman Working Party on “Quad Bike Safety” Meeting, October 5-6, 2010, Australia.

6. Background • Heads of Workplace Health and Safety • To prevent entrapment • Crush injury • Traumatic or mechanical asphyxia Anon. ‘Report of the Technical Engineering Group (TEG) to the Heads of Workplace Health and Safety Authorities (HWSA)’, Trans Tasman Working Party on “Quad Bike Safety” Meeting, October 5-6, 2010, Australia.

7. Background • Richardson • Used PC-Crash to simulate Quad bike rollover • 18 riderless tests to validate the models • 400 simulations (4 x100) • http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjYkHo7lOqxUsjYA2A1dqKE2F3oMGZAvI&feature=mh_lolz Richardson S. Orton T, Sandvik A. Jones C. Josevski N. and Pok W P., ‘Simulation of Quad Bike (ATV) Rollover Using PC-Crash to Evaluate Alternative Safety Systems’, 13-0286, 23rd Enhnaced Safety of Vehicles, Seoul, South Korea,

8. Validation Data • Snook • Presented 42 Quad Bike rollover tests • Used 18 tests • MUARC • Overturn angle 39⁰ Snook C., ‘An assessment of passive roll over protection for Quad Bikes’, University of Southern Queensland, Australia Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC) Rechnitzer G., Day L., Grzebieta R., Zou R. and Richardson S. ‘All Terrain Vehicle Injuries and Deaths’ Monash University Accident Re-search Centre, 19 March 2003

9. Validation Models

10. PC-Crash Models

11. Simulation Scenarios • 2000 (5 x 400) • Ramped (side tilt) angles • 20⁰ to 29⁰ (in 1⁰ intervals) • Lateral speeds 6km/h to 15km/h • 1 km/h intervals • Longitudinal speeds 0km/h to 30km/h • 10km/h intervals

12. Simulation Scenarios • Torso impact force • 1,500N approximates 6.9g • 3,000N approximates 13.9g • Traumatically or mechanical asphyxiated • Torso resting force > 1,000N for greater than 7 minutes • Used simulated average resting torso force

13. 2000 Simulations • Quad Bike • First 1.5s • 48 of 400 +1,500N • 11 of 400 +3,000N

14. 2000 Simulations • Quad Bike • Resting torso • 46 of 400 +1,000N

15. 2000 Simulations • Rider Torso impact force >1,500N • 48 times Quad Bike • 2 times Quadbar CPD • 0 times LifeGuard CPD • 0 times ROPS unrestrained • 0 times ROPS restrained

16. 2000 Simulations • Rider Torso impact force >3,000N • 11 times Quad Bike • 0 times Quadbar CPD • 0 times LifeGuard CPD • 0 times ROPS unrestrained • 0 times ROPS restrained

17. 2000 Simulations • Rider Torso resting force >1,000N • 46 times Quad Bike • 28 times Quadbar CPD • 1 time LifeGuard CPD • 0 times ROPS unrestrained • 0 times ROPS restrained

18. Real World Crashes • Example • 105kg adult male riding across a side slope on a quad bike with a spray tank • Rolled laterally and ejected the rider • The rider was found beneath the quad bike. • Cause of death was traumatic asphyxiation

19. Example OEM

20. Example Quadbar

21. Conclusions Where there is an identifiable risk of serious or fatal injury from quad rollover, consideration should be given to fitting either: CPD or ROPS to mitigate the potential for serious and/or fatal injury due to torso impact or entrapment during a quad bike rollover.

22. Thank you

23. Delta-V Experts 835 Mt Alexander Road Moonee Ponds Victoria 3039 +61 (0)3 9481 2200 dve@dvexperts.net