Final Exam REVIEW GAME Unit III: Consciousness and Personality and Unit IV: Drugs and Poisons

Final ExamREVIEW GAMEUnit III: Consciousness and Personality andUnit IV: Drugs and Poisons

PART III:Drugs and Poisons

A low LD50 indicates _____. that 50 mg can be ingested without harm to humans a high toxicity a low toxicity that the compound is not harmful to humans that 50% of the time ingestion causes mild symptoms of toxicity

The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides. List the pesticides in order of ORAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxicto theMOST toxic. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides. List the pesticides in order of ORAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxicto theMOST toxic. a) Chlorothalonil b) Trifluralin c) Glyphosate d) Iprodione e) Paraquat f) Oxydemetonmethyl g) Carbofuran

The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides. List the pesticides in order of DERMAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxicto theMOST toxic. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides. List the pesticides in order of DERMAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxicto theMOST toxic. a) Chlorothalonil b) Glyphosate c) Carbofuran d) Trifluralin e) Iprodione f) Paraquat g) Oxydemetonmethyl

The dose-response curve below shows the LD50 curves for four different substances. Based upon this LD50 data, which substance is LEAST toxic? Substance A Substance B Substance C Substance D

Exposure to low amounts of a chemical over long periods of time is _________. acute exposure persistent exposure easier to detect in a person’s system than high exposure over short periods of time chronic exposure not very common

The data below provides examples of LD50 values for four pesticides. Based upon this data, which of the following statement lists pesticide exposures in order from LEAST toxic to MOST toxic? Pesticide Active Ingredient Oral LD50 (mg/kg) Dermal LD50(mg/kg) Aldicarb 0.93 3.15 Diazinon 108 455-900 Malathion 1000 4,100 Atrazine 3,080 7,500 Dermal Aldicarb < Dermal Diazinon < Dermal Malathion < Dermal Atrazine Oral Aldicarb < Oral Diazinon < Oral Malathion < Oral Atrazine Dermal Atrazine < Oral Diazinon < Dermal Aldicarb < Oral Aldicarb Oral Aldicarb < Dermal Diazinon < Dermal Aldicarb < Oral Atrazine

Base your answers to the following question on the table below. EPA Data as from: EPA. Registering Pesticides, 2009. Accessed on 1 April 2011 at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/regulating/registering/index.htm Table as adapted from Damalas and Eleftherohorinos. “Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1402-1419; doi:10.3390/ijerph8051402 According to the EPA data reported in the table above, which of the following statements is TRUE. Breathing a pesticide is the least toxic form of exposure. Eating a pesticide is usually more harmful than breathing it. Having a pesticide on your skin is less harmful than breathing it. Having a pesticide on your skin is the most toxic form of exposure.

Base your answers to the following question on the table below. EPA Data as from: EPA. Registering Pesticides, 2009. Accessed on 1 April 2011 at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/regulating/registering/index.htm Table as adapted from Damalas and Eleftherohorinos. “Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1402-1419; doi:10.3390/ijerph8051402 According to the EPA data reported in the table above, which of the following statements is FALSE. Breathing a pesticide is usually more harmful than eating it. Eating a pesticide is usually more harmful than having it on your skin. Having a pesticide on your skin is usually the least harmful route of exposure. Eating a pesticide is usually the most harmful route of exposure.

Match the definition with the term: LD50 ED50 TD50 T.I. The dose of drug that produces a therapeutic response in half of the test group is called the ___. The comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects is the ____. The dose of a drug that kills half of the test group is called the ____. The dose of drug that produces a toxic response in half of the test group is called the ___.

Match the definition with the term: LD50 ED50 TD50 T.I. The dose of drug that produces a therapeutic response in half of the test group is called the ED50. The comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects is the T.I. The dose of a drug that kills half of the test group is called the LD50. The dose of drug that produces a toxic response in half of the test group is called the TD50.

Place the terms below in the order in which they are generally observed as dosage of a drug increases. Use the graph below to help…. LD50 ED50 TD50

Place the terms below in the order in which they are generally observed as dosage of a drug increases. Use the graph below to help…. LD50 ED50 TD50 For a given drug the ED50 is usually less than the TD50 which is less than the LD50. In other words… ED50 < TD50 < LD50. Meaning that a lower dose of the drug has a therapeutic effect,and a higher dose has toxic effects, while an even higher dose willhave lethal effects.

The dose-response curve below shows the ED50 curves for four different drugs. Based upon this data, which drug is MOST effective? Drug A Drug B Drug C Drug D

Which of the following represents the therapeutic index of a drug? T.I. = TD50 / ED50 T.I. = LD50 / ED50 T.I. = ED50 / TD50 T.I. = ED50 / LD50

Which of the following can be used as a relative indicator of the margin of safety of a drug? LD50 ED50 TD50 T.I.

The relative health risk of exposure to a given environmental pollutant can only be estimated if one knows the ___. toxicity of the compound. likelihood that an organism will be exposed to it. the likely duration (total time) of exposure. the likely dose per exposure. All of the above.

Environmental health hazards ____. are primarily outdoor hazards. are primarily indoor hazards. include natural toxicants. include synthetic toxicants all of the above

Risk management for potential pollutants requires an understanding of _____. scientific information scientific and political information scientific and economic information scientific, political, and economic information only the chemical impacts on target and non-target organisms

Use the diagram below to assist in answering this question. In a eukaryotic cell, where is the vast majority of ATP manufactured? A. nucleus B. mitochondria C. vacuole D. ribosome

Use the diagram below to assist in answering this question. ATP typically powers reactions in cells when A. ATP gives up two of its phosphate groups to become AMP. B. ATP gives up all three of its phosphate groups. C. ATP gives up one phosphate group to become ADP. D. ADP adds a phosphate group to become ATP.

Use the diagram below to assist in answering this question. ATP is an energy carrier. Where is the energy actually located? A. Attached to the adenine nitrogenous base B. Inside the ribose sugar C. in the covalent bond between the ribose sugar and the 1st phosphate D. in the covalent bond between the 2nd phosphate and the 3rd phosphate

The overall equation for the aerobic cellular respiration of glucose is A) C5H12O6 + 6 O2 → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. B) 5 CO2 + 6 H2O → C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy. C) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. D) C6H12O6 + energy → 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + 6 O2.

The overall equation for the aerobic cellular respiration of glucose is A) C5H12O6 + 6 O2 → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. B) 5 CO2 + 6 H2O → C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy. C) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy. D) C6H12O6 + energy → 6 CO2+ 6 H2O + 6 O2. Answer A is a trap! The sugar (C5H12O6) is NOT glucose!

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose A) becomes stored in molecules of ammonia. B) is used to manufacture glucose. C) is released all at once. D) is carried by electrons.

LIST the following terms in the order that describes the pathway that electrons follow during cellular respiration as they move from higher energy states to progressively lower energy states. Electron transport chain Glucose NADH Oxygen

LIST the following terms in the order that describes the pathway that electrons follow during cellular respiration as they move from higher energy states to progressively lower energy states. Electron transport chain Glucose NADH Oxygen Glucose  NADH  Electron Transport Chain  Oxygen High energy electrons from our original glucose molecule get loaded onto NADH, which carries them to the Electron Transport chain, which harnesses their energy. The energy-depleted electrons at the end of the ETC, get accepted by oxygen gas, which uses these now low energy electrons to form covalent bonds with hydrogen ions, thus forming water.

The principal raw materials (reactants) for aerobic cellular respiration are carbon dioxide and glucose carbon dioxide and oxygen carbon dioxide and water oxygen and glucose

The principal end products of aerobic cellular respiration are carbon dioxide, water, and glucose glucose, the energy to make ATP, and oxygen the energy to make ATP, water, and carbon dioxide water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

Final Exam REVIEW GAME Unit III: Consciousness and Personality and Unit IV: Drugs and Poisons