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  1. Quarrydale Computing 2. Fundamentals of Computer Systems

  2. Quarrydale Computing A1 Hardware Software

  3. Quarrydale Computing To Cover

  4. Real Time Operating Systems These are systems that process the input data instantly (in real-time). They are used where the data must always be dealt with processed straight away (such as Auto-Pilot on a plane) . Single User Operating Systems These allow for just 1 person to log onto the system at a time. They usually make use of Multi-Tasking so that the user can undertake a wide range of jobs at once. Microsoft Windows is an example of this Multi-User Operating Systems Systems that require a lot of processing power and memory are usually Multi-User. They mean that many users can log-onto the system at once and complete their processing. For example in school we make use of SIMS that allows staff to log onto a server at the same time to access classes and take registers. Types of operating Systems

  5. This is the CENTRAL part of an operating system and is used to manage tasks and various components of the system. In particular some of the roles of the Kernel are: • Execution of programs > To allocate resources, execute a program and then “kill” it when finished • Interrupts > A operating system will run through instructions in the order of first come, first served. What would happen if we move the mouse? Should it wait to move the mouse? An interrupt is an instruction with importance that must be done NOW • Mode > Switching between System(KERNEL) mode to run Low Level Machine code or User Mode to run apps • Memory Management > To load data and programs into RAM and remove them (clear the RAM) once they are finished • Multi-Tasking > Allowing each task running to be allocated enough resources to NOT CRASH • Disk Access > To Read/Write to/from storage devices • File Systems > What type of system is the main storage (HD) using? EG – Fat32 for Low security, low capacity drives (such as USB Flash) or NTFS for larger capacity and security (such as access rights and encryption) • Device Drivers > When you plug in a device, how does the O/S know what it is and how to use it? Drivers allow the O/S to communicate and make use of hardware safely. The Kernel:

  6. Operating systems need to help the user with networking. This can involved: • Setting up sharing of documents/files/photos/video etc • Setting of network hardware • Sharing of an internet connection • Sharing of hardware (such as a printer) • Setting of network user access rights • Entering WPA / WPA2 keys for connecting to WIFI • Setting up of usernames and passwords for users Networking:

  7. It is important to choose an operating system correctly. • Type of system > Does the organisation require a Multi-user or single user for example? • Original of system> Do they want proprietary software (such as Windows or ios) that has good support from hardware/software vendors or open source (such as Linux) that allows the company to implement their own code changes? • Compatibility > What file system does the OS use? For example windows uses NTFS while IOS uses UNIX , they do not work with each other without extra software! • Intended use> For example an expert wanting to modify network and security settings will require access to a command line, where as a more novice user will need access to a friendly GUI style interface • Customisation> How much can the organisation customise the software to meet their needs? (Remember Open source allows for a lot of customisation!) • Performance> What hardware is required to run the OS? How well does the OS work with the latest hardware releases? • Cost > Not just the cost of the O/S but also the cost of buying in technical support/ extra warranty / hardware support for the system… Open source is likely to be free but will require more assistance for any problems What to consider when choosing an O/S :

  8. The entire point of an O/S is to provide interaction between the user and their hardware/software. Most organisations will use an O/S for their server and a different O/S for their client workstations. This means, for example, a work may use Windows 10 to log onto a server using Windows Server 2010. When a new O/S is released it will usually contain new features. These new features will require better hardware. This means that usually a company will upgrade their O/S and hardware at the same time. The amount of data being processed and the number of tasking being run on a computer system will greatly impact performance. For example running Spotify and Photoshop at the same time will mean that the O/S has to manage the memory and CPU for two different processes. Although this is not an issue for modern CPU’s , it will eventually lead to a slow down if lots of processed are running in parallel. Use and Performance of an O/S :

  9. Utility software is a simple piece of software that usually does just 1 simple job (like the software version of an embedded system). For example: • Cleaning up system files • Defragmentation of the hard drive • Scanning and removing of viruses • Updating Software • Backing up data • Managing device drivers • Giving system messages and warnings about corrections that are needed within the system Utility Software :

  10. When it comes to choosing utility software, the most important question is “is it already included with my Operating System?” The performance can be determined by the hardware requirements that the software needs and if it is up-to-date. If not updates may lead to better performance. Also, does the utility conflict or cause errors for other software on the system? Choice, use and performance of Utility Software :

  11. Application software allows you to create something and perform many different functions and features • EG > Adobe Suite, Microsoft Office, Movie Maker • Can be used for education, work, entertainment, hobbies • The features of the software should be considered against what you actually wish to do (EG what would happen if you used Excel to make a video?) • Different business can also benefit from Application software: • Farming – Used to manage harvesting, packaging and selling produce • Textiles – Used to create designs and output them • What to consider when choosing software: • Is it compatible with what you want? • Does it meet the hardware requirements? • Does it offer the features you require? • Does it offer good support for users? Application Software:

  12. Open Source Vs Proprietary Software:

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