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Lecture 9: Verbal reports/qualitative data analysis

Lecture 9: Verbal reports/qualitative data analysis. Aims & Objectives To examine a variety of qualitative techniques such interviews, protocols, and other field based techniques such as diaries etc To look at ways of analysing such data. Verbal reports.

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Lecture 9: Verbal reports/qualitative data analysis

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  1. Lecture 9: Verbal reports/qualitative data analysis • Aims & Objectives • To examine a variety of qualitative techniques such interviews, protocols, and other field based techniques such as diaries etc • To look at ways of analysing such data

  2. Verbal reports • Behaviourism saw the down fall of introspection • However, much of what psychology is interested in, is not directly observable • Resurgence of an interest in language

  3. Protocols • HIP model • Used in-situ to provide concurrent recall • Declarative knowledge

  4. Retrospective recall • Recall of past events (stress, coping, memories etc) • Mood congruency effect • Reconstructive memories/effort after meaning • Memorable things are better remembered

  5. Diaries • Allow direct in-situ observations • End of each day (cf. retrospective) • Signal contingent • Event contingent • Interval contingent • Analysis is via hierarchical linear modelling

  6. HLM Level 2 Level 1

  7. Interviews • Open ended • Semi-structured • Structured • Face to face • Social desirability • Telephone • High turn around Tele owner (mobiles) • Sampling easy No visual aids • Follow up easy Fewer questions • Low refusal (foot in the doors) Limited channel

  8. Observations • The effect of the observer • Alter the behaviour • Infer rather than record • Validity • Teacher strikes pupil (no inference) • Teacher is aggressive (inference) • Reliability • High category number = high reliability/low validity • Low category number = low reliability/high validity

  9. Participant observations • Reprisals • Legal issues • Ethics • Subjectivity

  10. Case studies • Generate new and novel hypotheses • Fine grained analysis • Freud, Ebbinghaus • Popular in medicine • Clinical vs statistical significance • Extensive vs intensive • Rise of Fischarian statistics

  11. Content analysis • Units of analysis • Reliability • Accuracy reliability • Validity • External referents • Coding • Manifest • Latent • Quantification • Dummy codes

  12. Discourse analysis • Function • Variation • Construction

  13. Examples from DA • Three part lists • I came, I saw, I conquered • Maggie, Maggie, Maggie, Out, Out, Out • Education, education and education • The father, the son and the Holy ghost • I am he, as you are he, as you are me • Contrasts and 3 part list • This is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. It is perhaps the end of the beginning.

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