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LG 524 ANALYSIS

LG 524 ANALYSIS. QUALITATIVE CODING 1. 1. Data Reduction. This refers to the process of selecting, focussing, simplifying, abstracting and transforming the data that appear in written-up field notes or transcriptions, or qualitative questionnaires, observations, diaries, or interviews.

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LG 524 ANALYSIS

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  1. LG 524 ANALYSIS QUALITATIVE CODING 1

  2. 1. Data Reduction. • This refers to the process of selecting, focussing, simplifying, abstracting and transforming the data that appear in written-up field notes or transcriptions, or qualitative questionnaires, observations, diaries, or interviews. Qualitative Analysis

  3. Data Display. A display is an organised, compressed assembly of information that permits the drawing of conclusions as deciding on a course of action. Miles and Huberman(1994) recommend different kinds of matrices, graphs, charts and networks to guide this kind of activity.

  4. 3. Conclusion Drawing and Verification. From the start of the data collection, the qualitative analyst is beginning to decide what things mean, is noting regularities, patterns, possible configurations, causal relationships and propositions The successful researcher maintains an attitude of openness and even scepticism, gradually reducing vagueness until conclusions are made more explicit as the evidence sustains them. Conclusion

  5. CODING. • Coding is a process of analysis in which volumes of data generated in the form of answers to open ended questions, transcriptions of interviews and observations, even visual data, such a photographs is broken down into an identifiable typology of named segments or categories. Coding

  6. Analysis should begin EARLY. Code emerging data AS IT IS COLLECTED is far better than waiting until data collection period is over. Codes are created as we study the data. Early Analysis

  7. Posing questions helps to gain a new perspective on data and may provide a focus for further data collection. For example, early on in my data collection for how teachers use teachers guide, one of the respondents commented that she had never been given any training in how to use teachers guides s part of her Dip in TEFL…. Asking Questions

  8. When Coding: • STAY AWAKE..PAY ATTENTION!!! • If you feel yourself getting tired or blocked, or find yourself looking for codes, i.e. having a code in your mind and trying to apply it, STOP…don’t come to the data with a code in your mind…come with an empty mind and see what is there. Wake Up…….

  9. Don’t force data into codes if they don’t quite fit. Coding should keep us thinking about what meaning we make of our data, asking questions, pinpointing gaps, generating codes facilitates making comparisons and looking for common themes or patterns. • So coding can be seen as grouping data into categories, of similar statements or ideas, something we have discovered. Coding categories should reflect data. Thinking about Coding

  10. Coding proceeds in stages, there may be several stages, 1st, 2nd, 3rd… 1st stage or main code may be suggested by initial interviews/questionnaire/observation..You can take a word or phrase out of the original transcript and use it to form a new document Coding Stages

  11. Each code category is recorded, with an easily identifiable name or abbreviation. In my present research into 15th century literature I have now about 220 initial, main codes, each one has to be easily retrievable, so I have to be able to identify them quickly. So, ‘ FW..NARR.PRON’ Refers to the poem entitled The Fox and The Wolf, and has first level categories concerning the narrators use of pronouns Naming Your Codes

  12. MECHANICS OF CODING. • Coding for themes, concepts, ideas. You can also code for periods, dates, stages or steps in a process, anything that may be useful in tying the ideas together. The coding process breaks and fragments interviews or other data into separate categories of themes , concepts, events, stages.

  13. Miles, M. & Huberman, M. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis Sage, London. • Silverman, D. 2005. Doing Qualitative Research. Sage, London. • Silverman, D. 2006. Interpreting Qualitative Data.Sage, London • Silverman, D. 2007. A very short, fairly interesting and reasonably cheap book about qualitative research. Sage, London. • Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. 2008. Basics of Qualitative Research:techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage, London. • Burns, A. 2010. Doing Action Research in English Language Teaching. Routledge. >>>>Miles and Huberman (1994) has a very good chapter on coding, and analyzing data visually. <<<<< Some References

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