Study Guide for Age of Enlightenment

1. Study Guide for Age of Enlightenment Ch 6 Sections 1-4

2. NAME THAT PHILOSOPHER • This philosopher’s use of satire got him into trouble with the Church, the nobles, and his government. He never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion and speech. • VOLTAIRE

3. NAME THAT PHILOSOPHER • This political thinker felt that people were reasonable beings. He supported self-government and argued that government need to protect the natural rights of the people. If it did not, the people had the right to overthrow it and get a new government. • LOCKE

4. NAME THAT PHILOSOPHER • This aristocratic philosopher wrote a famous book The Spirit of the Laws. He proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual from gaining control of the government. • MONTESQUIEU

5. NAME THAT PHILOSOPHER • This philosopher’s ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and North America. He argued against cruel and unusual punishment. • BECCARIA

6. NAME THAT PHILOSOPHER • This philosopher disagreed with other philosophers. He argued that civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness. But he did argue for the General Will of the people-Majority rule with minority rights. • Rousseau

7. True or False • In general, the philosophers believed that societies could progress (improve). • TRUE

8. Frederick II supported which of the following ideas • Freedom of worship • Christian religion • Wealthy landowners • Direct democracy

9. Thomas Hobbes and Catherine the Great were similar because both • Were influenced by John Locke • Affected by the horrors of the English Civil War • Both believed that a monarch should have absolute authority. • Were influenced by Voltaire

10. True or False • American colonists protested “no taxation without representation” because of the Navigation Acts. • FALSE . It was the STAMP ACT

11. The Declaration of Independence was written by • John Adams • Thomas Jefferson • Benjamin Franklin • Patrick Henry

12. How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment Ideals? • It said that people had the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. • It stated that all titles of nobility should be abolished. • It protected the rights of the accused and prohibited cruel punishment • It set up checks and balances to power

13. The first national government of the 13 individual states was created by… • Articles of Confederation • Constitution • Declaration of Independence • Navigation Acts

14. Which of the following was created by the Artcles of Confederation? • Congress • Supreme Court • Office of the President • Office of the Vice-President

15. True or False • Montesquieu influenced the Constitution with his ideas about public elections. • FALSE. Separation of powers into 3 branches of government: law makers from rulers from courts was his idea.

16. The U.S. Bill of Rights was influenced by • Voltaire • John Locke • Jean Jacques Rousseau • All of the above

17. In which of the following ways did the taxation problem in America differ before and after independence? • Before were too many British taxes; after were not enough federal taxes • Before were too few British taxes; after were too many federal taxes

18. Can you answer this? • In what ways did the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights reflect Enlightenment ideas? • If you can’t check out the chart on page 209 in your text book.

19. Can you answer this? • What influence did the ideas of John Locke have on the Declaration of Independence. • If you can’t check out the easy version of the Declaration of Independence.

20. Can you answer this? • How did the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Beccaria influence the U.S. Constitution? • If you can’t check out the charts on 198 and 209 in your text book.