“ DEHYDRATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ”

1. 3rd WORKSHOP “DEHYDRATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES” Profª. Mª TERESA SANCHEZ PINEDA DE LAS INFANTAS April, 2003 Tunis, Tunisia Financial support by the Commission of the European Union under MEDA programme is acknowledged (Thematic Network ICA3-C5-2000-30004)

2. DRIED FRUITS IN THE WORLD

3. DRIED FRUITS PRODUCTION IN SPAIN SPAIN

4. MAIN CROPS

5. 826,452 hectares: DRIED FRUIT PRODUCTION: almonds, hazelnuts and walnuts. 792,484 hectares: ALMONDS Andalusia: In Granada, Malaga, Almery Comunidad Valencia, Murcia y Catalonia 26,202 hectares: HAZELNUTS 91% in Catalonia 7,766 hectares: WALNUTS Cantabric Cornice

6. ALMONDS Spain’s 2001/02 almond production was around 257,000 tons, a 24-percent increase from the previous season. Exports in 2001/02 was: 48,000 tons. EU countries (Germany, France, and Italy) are the major destinations, representing about 93 percent of Spain’s export markets. The United States continues to be the dominant foreign supplier of almonds to Spain, increasing its market share to 97 percent of total imports for 2000/01.

7. ALMONDS EU does have an improvement plan that is implemented in both Spain’s almond and hazelnut sectors. Up to 475 euro/hectare can be provided to growers to plant improved, higher-yielding varieties. Given competition from U.S. product,Spanish almond growers are expected to oppose the most recent EU proposal for reform of the fruit and vegetable regime, which calls for a significant cut in subsidies.

8. HAZELNUTS

9. HAZELNUTS • Catalonia, in the north-east, is the main producing region of Spain and within this region, the province of Tarragona stands out as the largest growing area (27,000 ha), representing 91 % of the total Spanish hazelnut surface. • Tarragona's orchards, topographically, can be classified into two groups. Priorat' and 'Camp de Tarragona' The main commercial hazelnut production is obtained from the second area, which is grown mainly under drip irrigation. • The hazelnut orchards are mostly familiar and small (2-4 ha). Most growers practice 'part-time agriculture'. • The sector is very concentrated around the co-operative UNIO in Reus (Tarragona) and other private industries.The bulk of the hazelnut crop is consumed in shelled form. • The confectionery and chocolate industries use about 60-70 % of domestic supplies. • Hazelnut is also used for snacks and is often marketed as snack packs. Hazelnut is marketed in Spain throughout the year in competition with almonds, peanuts and other snack foods. In years when almond prices are high, hazelnut demand in the confectionery industry increases.

10. HAZELNUTS The 2001/02 hazelnut crop in Spain suffered a substantially increase to a record 35,000 tons, more than double last year’s crop of 16,000 tons. The United States represents about 5 percent of Spain’s total hazelnut imports and continues to face stiff competition from lower-priced Turkish product, which accounts for 65 percent of Spain’s imports. All Turkish hazelnut exports to Spain are shelled, while U.S. exports are in-shell. The bulk of the hazelnut crop is consumed in-shell, with the confectionary and chocolate industries consuming 60-70 percent of total supplies.

11. Reference Periods TURKEY ITALY SPAIN USA World Production 1961-65 106,600 50,600 16,400 7,640 181,240 >1966-70 159,400 63,500 15,000 7,940 245,840 1971-75 234,200 87,000 18,800 9,900 349,900 1976-80 268,000 88,400 21,200 11,100 388,700 1981-85 304,000 99,000 20,600 14,300 437,900 1986-90 376,000 104,000 27,200 16,000 523,200 1991-93 418,300 108,300 25,000 21,600 573,333 1994-95 460,000 95,000 22,000 22,750 607,000 1995-99 527,500 100,500 12,050 27,329 667,379 Main producing countries (in tons)

12. Exports Domestic consumption Country Average1983-86 Average1989-92 Average1995-99 Average1983-86 Average1989-92 Average1995-99 Turkey 268,450 298,376 380,750 77,300 63,000 88,000 Italy 67,520 73,880 53,860 38,600 63,000 110,714 Spain 12,630 11,125 7,825 9,100 14,000 16,825 USA 5,500 6,794 18,474 10,000 16,000 21,821 Total 354,100 390,175 460,910 135,000 156,000 237,360 Hazelnut exports and domestic consumption by the main producing countries (in tons, unshelled equivalent).

13. HAZELNUTS SUBSIDIES: Up to 475 euro/hectare. Given competition from Turkish product, Spanish hazelnut growers consider this program vital to their future competitiveness Hazelnut consumption has increased in the last decades. It is considered that in-shell consumption accounts for only 10 %. The rest is shelled (kernel), but around 90 % are for industrial purposes (obtaining of oil, hazelnut paste, etc. ) and another 10 % for direct human consumption.

14. WALNUTS

15. WALNUTS

16. WALNUTS

17. CHESTNUTS 3rd EU PRODUCING COUNTRY 120,000 ha of chestnuts were being grown, mostly in northern and western Spain, producing more than 20,000 t. High prices for processed, peeled, and frozen chestnut products, especially in the U.S.

18. PISTACHIOS They are mainly used for a snack, right out of the shell-roasted, and in confectionary, ice cream preparation and recipes.

19. DRY APRICOTS They are used in confectionary, pastry making and recipes and are eaten in their natural state.

20. RAISINS

21. DRIED FIGS The uses of dried figs are varied: pastry making, confectionary, ice cream making, recipes.

22. DRIED FRUIT INDUSTRIES

23. DRIED FRUIT INDUSTRIES

24. DRIED FRUIT INDUSTRIES

25. DRIED FRUIT INDUSTRIES

26. TECHNOLOGY AND MACHINERY ACQUISITION

27. DRIED FRUIT INDUSTRIES • Regular, year-round supplies. • Definition and standardization of product specifications – made to measure. • The choice of the best raw material to cover product needs - advice. • Selection levels according to different criteria: weight (units per weight), diameter-based calibre, length-based calibre, thickness-based calibre. • Excellent quality/price ratio to guarantee competitive positioning. • Co-operative relationship, not just buyer-seller relationship. • Long-standing supply guarantee. • Production capacities guaranteed by HACCP - ISO 9002- ISO 14001- as required in the food industry. • Capacity to respond immediately to demand. • Modern production plants with the latest technological innovations for the selection and processing of dried fruits.

28. TRADE MARKS AND PRODUCTS • The objective of the Borges Group is to become the world’s largest supplier of Mediterranean food products. Its principle action plans include: - Solid commercial export operations. - The creation and management of companies abroad. - The internationalization of marketing and human-resources activities.

29. TRADE MARKS AND PRODUCTS • The Borges company is 100% Spanish owned and has sales of 369.62 million euros. • Exports to more than 70 countries and this activity represents 52% of sales (195.33 million euros). • 530 employees work for the Group abroad, representing 44% of the Group. • 48 completely Spanish-owned companies that operate at all levels of the value chain. • the Spanish market leaders in the marketing of packaged nuts and dried fruit. • The world’s leading walnut supplier. • Spain’s leading nut exporter.

30. INSTITUTIONALSUPPORT TO THE DRYING INDUSTY “DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN” HAZELNUTS of REUS RAISINS OF MALAGA

31. DRIED FRUIT CONSUMPTION IN SPAIN 2.32 kg/person-year. Catalonia: 3.8 kg/person-year; Extremadura: 1.33 kg/person-year Catalonia: Almonds (0.48 kg/person-year), walnuts (0.85 kg/person-year) and others dried fruits (2.16 kg/person-year). La Rioja: Almonds 0.05 kg/person-year, and walnuts 0.20 kg/person-year). Price: Dried fruits in Spain: € 4.33 kg. Price rates: Aragon € 3.64 kg and Navarre € 5.14 kg.

32. DRIED FRUITS REGULATIONS ·2002/679/EC: Commission Decision of 22 August 2002 amending Decision 2002/80/EC imposing special conditions on the import of figs, hazelnuts and pistachios and certain products derived thereof originating in or consigned from Turkey (Text with EEA relevance) (notified under document number C(2002) 3109) •     Commission Regulation (EC) No 1441/2002 of 7 August 2002 fixing for the 2002/03 marketing year the amount of aid for the cultivation of grapes intended for the production of certain varieties of dried grapes. • Commission Regulation (EC) No 961/2002 of 5 June 2002 fixing the storage aid for unprocessed dried grapes and unprocessed dried figs from the 2001/02 marketing year. • Commission Regulation (EC) No 175/2001 of 26 January 2001 laying down the marketing standard for walnuts in shell. • Commission Regulation (EC) No 464/1999 of 3 March 1999 laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/96 as regards aid arrangements for prunes. • Commission Regulation (EC) No 1905/94 of 27 July 1994 on detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 399/94 concerning specific measures for dried grapes. • DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN: • ORDEN de 6 de noviembre de 1996, por la que se aprueba el Reglamento de la Denominación de Origen “Pasas de Málaga” y de su Consejo Regulador. BOJA 135. 23 de Noviembre de 1996. • OM 05/02/97 (B.O.E. 21/02/97) por la que se aprueba el Reglamento de la Denominación de Origen “Avellana de Reus” y de su Consejo Regulador.

33. 3rd WORKSHOP THANK YOU VERY MUCH “DEHYDRATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES” Profª. Mª TERESA SANCHEZ PINEDA DE LAS INFANTAS April, 2003 Tunis, Tunisia Financial support by the Commission of the European Union under MEDA programme is acknowledged (Thematic Network ICA3-C5-2000-30004)