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Metaphysical Poets. England, in the 17 th century (i.e.1600s) (i.e. Late English Renaissance). “metaphysical,” dictionary definition: 1. Philosophy concerned with abstract thought or subjects, as existence, causality, or truth.
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Metaphysical Poets England, in the 17th century (i.e.1600s) (i.e. Late English Renaissance)
“metaphysical,” dictionary definition: 1. Philosophy • concerned with abstract thought or subjects, as existence, causality, or truth. • concerned with first principles and ultimate grounds, as being, time, or substance. 2. highly abstract, subtle, or abstruse. “metaphysical,” Ms. Swan’s definition: -contemplating the subjects above with passionate emotion -sometimes also used to mean “supernatural” or “concerned with the heavens”
Techniques • rough meter and rough sound • conceits • juxtaposition • Subjects often relate to heaven or to love affairs (or both).
Rough Meter and Sound • (Wait for our study of Holy Sonnet 14, “Batter My Heart, Three Person’d God”)
Conceit • An extended metaphor that often uses unconventional and slightly shocking imagery. • Refers specifically to the metaphysical poets. • “Our eye-beams twisted, and did thread Our eyes upon one double string. “ (John Donne, “The Ecstacy”)
Juxtaposition • “A pretty babe all burning bright Did in the air appear; Who, scorched with excessive heat, Such floods of tears did shed, As though His floods should quench His flames, Which with His tears were bred…”(Robert Southwell, “The Burning Babe”)
Major Poets • John Donne (1572–1631) • George Herbert (1593–1633) • Andrew Marvell (1621–1678) • Robert Southwell(c. 1561–1595) • Richard Crashaw (c. 1613–1649) • Thomas Traherne(1636 or 1637 – 1674) • Henry Vaughan (1622–1695)
Alchemy • Chemistry + magic = win • Turning lead into gold • Finding the elixir of life
Shakespeare—Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;