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Acids & Bases

Acids & Bases. Properties : Acids Bases Taste sour Taste bitter Feels wet Feels slippery Corrosive,electrolyte Corrosive,electrolyte Contains H + ions Contains OH - ions Neutralizes bases Neutralizes acids pH < 7 pH > 7 Reacts with CO 3 -2 to make CO 2 gas

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Acids & Bases

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  1. Acids & Bases Properties: AcidsBases • Taste sour Taste bitter • Feels wet Feels slippery • Corrosive,electrolyteCorrosive,electrolyte • Contains H+ ions Contains OH- ions • Neutralizes bases Neutralizes acids • pH < 7 pH > 7 • Reacts with CO3-2 to make CO2 gas • Reacts with metals to make hydrogen gas

  2. Chemical Indicator Colours IndicatorAcidBase • Litmus redblue • Phenolphthalein colourless fuscia • Bromothymol blue yellowblue

  3. Strong Acids vs. Weak Acids • Strong acids contain weak bonds. They do not hold onto their hydrogen atoms very well. Therefore lots of hydrogen ions are formed when the acid is dissolved in water. • Weak acids contain strong bonds. They hold onto hydrogen atoms very well. Not very many hydrogen ions are formed when the acid is in solution with water.

  4. pH Scale The pH scale is a measure of the acidity (or basicity) of a solution. The ‘pH’ stands for power of hydrogen ion. So pH is just a measure of the concentration of the hydrogen ion. To find the pH of a solution you use the `log` button on your calculator. pH = - log [H+] Ex: [H+]= 4.0 x 10-6 M pH = 5.39794 = 5.40

  5. To find the concentration of [H+] in a solution you use the `10x` (antilog) button on your calculator. [H+] =10-pH Ex: pH = 2.56 [H+] = 2.7542 x 10-3 M = 2.8 x 10-3 M

  6. Sig Digs in pH values • The only numbers that are counted as significantdigits in pH values are the numbers that are after the decimal place. Example: pH = 5.24  2 sig digs pH = 3.9010  4 sig digs

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